Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics for Study Sample and According to Metabolic Syndrome Status
| Total Study Sample (N = 2,920) | No Metabolic Syndrome (N = 1,792) | Metabolic Syndrome (N = 1,128) | p* | |
| Age (mean years ± SD) | 73.6 ± 2.9 | 73.7 ± 2.9 | 73.5 ± 2.8 | .13 |
| Sex, % female | 52.2 | 48.9 | 57.4 | <.001 |
| Race, % black | 41.3 | 42.7 | 39.0 | .05 |
| Site, % Memphis | 49.8 | 50.0 | 50.5 | .78 |
| Education, % >high school | 42.2 | 43.3 | 40.3 | .11 |
| Current smoker, % | 10.0 | 11.8 | 7.1 | <.001 |
| Alcohol use, % none | 50.2 | 47.2 | 55.5 | |
| % <1 drink/d | 42.1 | 44.7 | 38.5 | <.001 |
| % ≥1 drink/d | 7.3 | 8.1 | 6.0 | |
| CVD, % | 19.1 | 16.0 | 24.2 | <.001 |
| Stroke, % | 7.1 | 6.6 | 7.9 | .20 |
| Diabetes, % | 14.9 | 5.4 | 30.1 | <.001 |
| Cancer, % | 18.7 | 17.9 | 20.0 | .15 |
| Lung disease, % | 11.5 | 10.4 | 13.1 | .03 |
| Arthritis, % | 14.2 | 12.8 | 16.5 | .005 |
| Metabolic syndrome criteria | ||||
| Abdominal obesity, % | 61.4 | 45.7 | 86.3 | <.001 |
| Hyperglycemia, % | 23.8 | 7.9 | 49.0 | <.001 |
| Low HDL, % | 29.4 | 8.9 | 62.0 | <.001 |
| High triglycerides, % | 30.8 | 9.4 | 64.7 | <.001 |
| High blood pressure, % | 78.7 | 70.3 | 92.2 | <.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome, % | 38.6 | 0.0 | 100.0 | — |
| No. of metabolic abnormalities, % | ||||
| 0 | 6.1 | 9.9 | — | |
| 1 | 23.3 | 38.0 | — | — |
| 2 | 32.0 | 52.1 | — | — |
| 3 | 21.7 | — | 56.2 | — |
| 4 | 13.0 | — | 33.6 | — |
| 5 | 3.9 | — | 10.2 | — |
Notes: HDL = high-density lipoprotein; SD = standard deviation CVD = cerebrovascular disease.
*
p value for comparison of person without and with the metabolic syndrome, based on t test for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables.