Table 1.
Vmax of wild-type aldose reductase
| Substrate | Urea (1.0 M) | Methylamine (0.5 M) | Vmax,* % of control |
|---|---|---|---|
| dl-Glyceraldehyde | − | None (control) | 100.0 (9) |
| + | None | 43.4 ± 1.2 (9) | |
| − | TMAO | 91.6 ± 0.5 (3) | |
| + | TMAO | 39.1 ± 0.5 (3) | |
| − | Betaine | 40.3 ± 1.2 (3) | |
| + | Betaine | 27.3 ± 0.2 (3) | |
| − | GPC | 35.7 ± 0.1 (3) | |
| + | GPC | 21.4 ± 1.4 (3) | |
| d-Xylose | − | None | 100.0 (9) |
| + | None | 48.4 ± 1.0 (9) | |
| − | TMAO | 98.0 ± 0.6 (3) | |
| + | TMAO | 43.6 ± 0.6 (3) | |
| − | Betaine | 39.6 ± 0.2 (3) | |
| + | Betaine | 28.3 ± 0.6 (3) | |
| − | GPC | 35.5 ± 0.5 (3) | |
| + | GPC | 29.5 ± 0.5 (3) |
*
Controls contained no urea or cosolvent. All experimental values are significantly less than control (P < 0.05), except for TMAO with d-xylose and no urea. Number of measurements is given in parentheses.