Table 1.

Brain areas with regional gray matter volume reductions in TS patients compared to normal subjects

Cluster size	Regions (Brodmann areas)	MNI-Space			t-value	p-value (SVC)
		x	y	z
254	Left postcentral gyrus (43)	-55	-8	20	5.04	0.009
83	Right precentral gyrus (4)	38	-20	47	4.54	0.031
60	right cingulate gyrus (32)	9	22	31	4.01	0.049
224	Left caudate (body)	-15	14	13	4.00	0.018
	Left caudate (head)	-10	11	3	3.54
57	Left middle frontal gyrus (6)	-36	12	56	4.00	0.018
180	Left precentral gyrus (4)	-45	-18	36	3.96	0.020
	Left precentral gyrus (4)	-52	-15	40	3.52
58	Right middle frontal gyrus (6)	44	6	57	3.96	0.020
152	Right precentral gyrus (6)	59	-13	38	3.95	0.020
43	Right precentral gyrus (4)	45	-19	38	3.95	0.017
25	Right postcentral gyrus (3)	41	-26	58	3.68	0.014
14	Right medial frontal gyrus (8)	10	29	48	3.62	0.042
20	Left cingulate gyrus (32)	-9	12	39	3.61	0.043

Cluster size = number of voxels; x, y, z = Coordinates (in mm) of significant local maxima are given for information in MNI space (Montreal Neurological Institute, http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca). Significant local maxima more than 8 mm apart were translated to brain anatomy by converting their coordinates from MNI space to Talairach space http://www.talairach.org/ allowing for a search radius of 9 mm for nearest gray matter. For regions where an effect was hypothesized (see introduction), a small volume correction (SVC) was performed. P values are given after family wise error (FWE) correction for the particular volume. No regions displayed significant regional increases in GMV for TS patients versus controls.