Table I.
Table of primary and secondary outcomes
| Premenopausal women |
Post-menopausal women |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of studies/participantsa/missing studiesb | SMD (95% CI) | I2 (%)c | MD (95% CI) | No. of studies/participantsa/missing studiesb | SMD (95% CI) | I2 (%)c | MD (95% CI) | |
| Primary outcomes | ||||||||
| Circulating total E2, pmol/l | 11/250/0 | −0.05 (−0.23 to 0.12) | 0 | −7.99 (−48.20 to 32.22) | 21/580/6 | 0.13 (−0.01 to 0.27) | 29.3 | 2.76 (−0.37 to 5.90) |
| Circulating total E1, pmol/l | 6/207/1 | −0.09 (−0.29 to 0.10) | 0 | −12.21 (−36.60 to 12.17) | 7/152/1 | −0.13 (−0.36 to 0.10) | 0 | −5.33 (−11.56 to 0.90) |
| Circulating SHBG, nmol/l | 10/233/1 | −0.10 (−0.28 to 0.08) | 0 | −2.19 (−6.37 to 1.99) | 17/459/3 | −0.06 (−0.19 to 0.07) | 0 | −0.87 (−3.52 to 1.78) |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
| Circulating FSH, IU/l | 7/73/0 | −0.45 (−0.79 to −0.11) | 0 | −0.52 (−1.15 to 0.11) | 23/601/4 | −0.08 (−0.26 to 0.10) | 59.3 | −1.29 (−4.41 to 1.83) |
| Circulating LH, IU/l | 7/73/0 | −0.34 (−0.68 to −0.01) | 0 | −1.26 (−3.30 to 0.78) | 13/382/2 | 0.01 (−0.21 to 0.24) | 58.1 | 0.27 (−2.42 to 2.95) |
| Circulating progesterone, nmol/l | 9/199/0 | 0.03 (−0.29 to 0.36) | 44.0 | −1.20 (−6.89 to 4.48) | 0/0/0 | — | — | — |
| Circulating E1S, nmol/l | 3/44/0 | 0.09 (−0.34 to 0.52) | 0 | 0.49 (−2.12 to 3.11) | 6/125/2 | −0.03 (−0.29 to 0.22) | 0 | −0.03 (−0.28 to 0.22) |
| Circulating free E2, pmol/L | 3/145/0 | −0.09 (−0.32 to 0.14) | 0 | −0.71 (−2.21 to 0.79) | 3/77/0 | 0.07 (−0.25 to 0.39) | 0 | 0.18 (−0.10 to 0.46) |
| Circulating T3, nmol/l | 1/14/0 | — | −0.03 (−0.11 to 0.05) | 2/41/1 | 0.29 (−0.14 to 0.72) | 0 | 0.11 (−0.03 to 0.26) | |
| Circulating T4, nmol/l | 1/14/0 | — | −1.60 (−6.73 to 3.53) | 3/59/1 | 0.31 (−0.05 to 0.67) | 0 | 3.53 (−0.61 to 7.68) | |
| Circulating TSH, mU/l | 1/14/0 | — | −0.03 (−0.86 to 0.80) | 7/192/1 | −0.01 (−0.21 to 0.19) | 0 | 0.05 (−0.26 to 0.35) | |
| Circulating IGF-1, nmol/l | 3/167/1 | 0.14 (−0.07 to 0.35) | 0 | 0.75 (−0.60 to 2.11) | 3/209/2 | 0.29 (−0.39 to 0.97) | 80.7 | 1.57 (−1.75 to 4.89) |
| Urinary E2, nmol/24 h | 1/11/3 | — | −1.81 (−2.89 to −0.73) | 1/18/0 | — | 0.05 (−0.64 to 0.74) | ||
| Urinary E1, nmol/24 h | 1/14/3 | — | −2.34 (−4.80 to 0.12) | 1/18/0 | — | −0.57 (−1.68 to 0.54) | ||
| Menstrual cycle length, days | 10/148/1 | 0 | 1.05 (0.13 to 1.97) | |||||
| Luteal phase length, days | 3/44/0 | 0 | 0.54 (−0.32 to 1.40) | |||||
| Follicular phase, days | 7/92/0 | 7.6 | 0.81 (−0.12 to 1.74) | |||||
SMD, standardized mean difference; MD, mean difference; I2, I2 test of heterogeneity; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; E1, estrone; E2, estradiol; E1S, estrone sulfate.
aNumber of participants in the control arms of all included studies combined.
bNumber of studies that have data available on this outcome, but where those data are not useable in meta-analysis.
cI2 relates to the SMD except where no SMD data appear (in which case, it relates to MD).