Table 3.

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of genetic variation in 921 bp of mtDNA of Curculio sikkimensis

Grouping criteria and source of variation	df	Sum of squares	Variance components	% of total variation	Φ statistics with P-value
Geographic distribution I: [Kyushu, Chugoku to Shikoku] [Kinki to Kantou]
Among groups	1	91.7	1.56	52.8	ΦCT = 0.52
Among populations within groups	31	64.5	0.29	10.0	(P < 0.001)
Within populations	82	89.6	1.09	37.0
Total	114	245.9	2.95
Geographic distribution II: [Kyushu] [Chugoku to Shikoku] [Kinki to Kantou]
Among groups	2	103.1	1.32	50.3	ΦCT = 0.50
Among populations within groups	30	53.2	0.21	8.1	(P < 0.001)
Within populations	82	89.6	1.09	41.5
Total	114	245.9	2.62
Host plants: [Deciduous] [Evergreen]
Among groups	1	4.0	-0.07	-3.3	ΦCT = -0.03
Among populations within groups	38	157.6	1.09	51.0	(P > 0.10)
Within populations	75	84.2	1.12	52.3
Total	114	245.9	2.14
Host plants: [Deciduous Quercus] [Evergreen Quercus] [Castanopsis] [Lithocarpus]
Among groups	3	25.5	0.15	6.8	ΦCT = 0.06
Among populations within groups	36	136.0	0.97	43.2	(P > 0.10)
Within populations	75	84.2	1.12	49.8
Total	114	245.9	2.25

Groupings of populations were examined based on their geographic distributions and host plants.