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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 7.
Published in final edited form as: Lab Invest. 2008 Jul 7;88(9):938–948. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.64

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Treatment effects on normal mammary gland epithelium. (a), whole mount images showing atrophic postmenopausal mammary gland epithelium with small lobular size in the control (con) and equol (EQ) groups compared to the estradiol (E2) group; arrowhead indicates a focus of cystic change; bars = 1.5 cm. (b), effects of E2 and EQ on epithelial density, measured by histomorphometry. (c), immunolabeling of normal epithelial cells for estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), progesterone receptor (PGR), and the proliferation marker Ki67. Vertical bars indicate standard errors. * P < 0.05 and *** P < 0.001 vs. respective control group by Wilcoxon Rank Sum test.