Fig. 2.

Comparison of interferon (IFN)-γ (b), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (a), interleukin (IL)-5 (c) and IL-10 (d) concentrations in infective dermatitis associated with human T lymphotropic virus-type 1 (IDH) patients (n = 17), human T lymphotropic virus-type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers (40), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) (40) patients and healthy controls (15). All cytokine data presented correspond to the value in unstimulated cultures. The levels of cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and expressed as pg/ml. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann–Whitney U-test.