Table 3.

Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulates differentially a subset of genes compared with Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS.

	Fold change		Fold change		Fold change		Fold change
	0·5 h		2 h		6 h		24 h
Gene	P. gingivalis	E. coli	P. gingivalis	E. coli	P. gingivalis	E. coli	P. gingivalis	E. coli
IL-1 family
IL-1F8	0·0 ± 0·0	2·7 ± 1·1	0·0 ± 0·0	3·8 ± 0·8	0·8 ± 0·0	1·7 ± 0·7	0·0 ± 0	101·1 ± 62·0
IL-6 family
OSM	3·0 ± 2·0	3·4 ± 1·5	0·9 ± 0·2	8·2 ± 5·9	0·1 ± 0·0	0·2 ± 0·1	0·1 ± 0·1	1·7 ± 0·9
OSMR	0·3 ± 0·1	0·5 ± 0·2	0·3 ± 0·0	6·4 ± 4·6	0·8 ± 0·3	5·5 ± 1·2	2·8 ± 1·4	8·0 ± 2·4
Chemokines
CCL5	0·6 ± 0·2	0·7 ± 0·1	1·3 ± 0·2	11·6 ± 8·3	1·2 ± 0·2	9·7 ± 4·3	2·7 ± 0·7	10·4 ± 3·8
CXCL5	0·0 ± 0·0	0·0 ± 0·0	1·0 ± 0·0	1·0 ± 0·0	1·2 ± 0·2	6·3 ± 2·1	1·0 ± 0	27·5 ± 5·1
CX3CL1	0·0 ± 0·0	0·0 ± 0·0	2·0 ± 0·4	35·6 ± 17·0	2·1 ± 0·3	3·9 ± 0·6	0·0 ± 0	0·0 ± 0·0
Other cytokines
GM-CSF	0·0 ± 0·0	0·0 ± 0·0	12·9 ± 7·6	58·1 ± 6·5	2·4 ± 1·3	161 ± 52·1	3·0 ± 1·0	105·2 ± 68·8
PBEF/visfatin	0·6 ± 0·2	0·8 ± 0·1	1·3 ± 0·3	2·2 ± 0·4	1·6 ± 0·5	5·1 ± 2·3	2·3 ± 0·6	15·2 ± 4·2

THP-1 monocytes were treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) from either P. gingivalis or E. coli for the times indicated above. Gene expression was quantified using Taqman low-density arrays by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The values shown are the mean fold change compared with untreated cells ± standard deviation. These results were obtained from three independent experiments. IL, interleukin; OSM, oncostatin M; OSMR, oncostatin M receptor; GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor; PBEF, pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor.