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Adenine released from the ricin A-chain (RTA) depurination of stem-loop (A-10) or ribosome (60S SRL) is converted to AMP with adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRTase) and then to ATP with pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK). ATP drives the luciferase enzymatic reaction to produce luminescence and AMP to be recycled to ATP. At neutral pH all reactions can be combined to measure adenine continuously from ribosomes.
