Table 2.
Demographic and risk factor profiles stratified by ethnicity and sex for participants in the current study.
| Caucasian (n=203) | African American (n=243) | Hispanic (n=256) | Total Sample (n=702) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (n)1 | Men (n=82) | Women (n=121) | Total | Men (n=74) | Women (n=169) | Total | Men (n=67) | Women (n=189) | Total | Men (n=223) | Women (n=479) | Total |
| Age (mean ± SD)2 | 79.12 ± 5.03 | 81.01 ± 6.03 | 80.25 ± 5.71 | 78.40 ± 5.07 | 80.28 ± 5.97 | 79.71 ± 5.77 | 79.77 ± 5.17 | 80.45 ± 5.22 | 80.27 ± 5.21 | 79.08 ± 5.09 | 80.53 ± 5.70 | 80.07 ± 5.55 |
| Education (mean ± SD)3 | 14.19 ± 3.23 | 13.42 ± 3.17 | 13.73 ± 3.21 | 12.07 ± 3.69 | 12.42 ± 3.42 | 12.31 ± 3.50 | 6.82 ± 4.37 | 6.88 ± 4.35 | 6.86 ± 4.35 | 11.26 ± 4.83 | 10.48 ± 4.77 | 10.73 ± 4.80 |
| Hypertension (% with history)4 | 56.1 | 52.9 | 54.2 | 59.5 | 74.0 | 69.5 | 64.2 | 76.7 | 73.4 | 59.6 | 69.7 | 66.5 |
| Diabetes (% with history)5 | 22.0 | 9.1 | 14.3 | 20.3 | 29.6 | 26.7 | 25.4 | 22.2 | 23.0 | 22.4 | 21.5 | 21.8 |
| Heart disease (% with history)6 | 31.7 | 22.3 | 26.1 | 24.3 | 20.1 | 21.5 | 23.9 | 15.9 | 18.0 | 26.9 | 19.0 | 21.5 |
| Stroke (% with history)7 | 38.3 | 30.8 | 33.8 | 47.3 | 28.6 | 34.3 | 32.8 | 26.6 | 28.2 | 39.6 | 28.4 | 31.9 |
| Vascular disease history (mean ± SD; range 0–4)8 | 1.82 ± 1.13 | 1.29 ± 0.93 | 1.50 ± 1.05 | 2.12 ± 1.12 | 1.82 ± 1.15 | 1.92 ± 1.15 | 1.97 ± 1.18 | 1.51 ± 1.05 | 1.63 ± 1.12 | 1.96 ± 1.14 | 1.57 ± 1.08 | 1.69 ± 1.12 |
More women among Hispanics (73.8%) compared with African Americans (69.5%) or Caucasians (59.6%)%)(χ2 (2) = 10.86, p = 0.004)
Women older than men overall (F (1, 701) = 10.81, p = 0.001), among Caucasians (F (1,202)5.47, p = 0.020), among African Americans (F (1,242) = 5.53, p = 0.020), but not among Hispanics (F (1, 255) = 0.848, p = 0.358). Age was similar across ethnic groups (F (2, 701) = 1.236, p = 0.291.
Education similar in men and women (F (1, 700) = 0.144, p = 0.704), Caucasians had significantly more years of education than African Americans who had significantly more years of education than Hispanics (F (2, 700) = 185.91, p < 0.001).
Hypertension more frequent among women (χ2 (1) = 6.953, p = 0.008), primarily in African Americans (χ2 (1) = 5.113, p = 0.024) and Hispanics ((χ2 (1) 3.988, p = 0.046), but not Caucasians (χ2 (1) = 0.202, p = 0.653. Hispanics more likely to have hypertension than African Americans and Caucasians (χ2 (2) = 20.585, p < 0.001)
Rates of diabetes mellitus similar in men and women (χ2(1) = 0.075, p = 0.784), although among Caucasians, a greater proportion of men reported history of diabetes (χ2(1) = 6.502, p = 0.010). African Americans were more likely to have diabetes mellitus than Hispanics or Caucasians (χ2(2) = 10.582, p = 0.005).
Men more likely to have history of heart disease than women (χ2(1) = 5.636, p = 0.018). Rates of heart disease similar across ethnic groups (χ2(2) = 4.446, p = 0.108).
Men more likely to report history of stroke than women among African Americans (χ2(1) = 7.994, p = 0.005), but not Caucasians (χ2(1) = 1.195, p = 0.274) or Hispanics (χ2(1) =0.949, p = 0.330. The percent of participants who reported past signs or symptoms of stroke did not differ by ethnic group (χ2(2) = 2.559, p = 0.278).
African Americans had higher degrees of vascular disease than Caucasians (p<0.001) and Hispanics (p = 0.03); women had lower degrees of vascular disease than men (p < 0.001), but there was no ethnicity by sex interaction.