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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 8.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2008 May;78(3):105–111. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831.78.3.105

Table II.

Serum carotenoid concentrations in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis1

Carotenoid
(µmol/L)		 Osteoporosis
n = 27		 Control
n = 26
Lutein 0.62 ± 0.31 0.49 ± 0.41
Zeaxanthin 0.10 ± 0.11 0.06 ± 0.04
β-Cryptoxanthin 0.27 ± 0.18 0.43 ± 0.362
Lycopene 1.22 ± 1.21 1.97 ± 1.013
α-Carotene 0.36 ± 0.34 0.27 ± 0.22
β-Carotene 1.55 ± 1.15 1.10 ± 1.11
1

Values presented are means ± SD. Using multiple linear regression, the model was adjusted for age because of the large age range in the sample and BMI because of significant differences between groups.

2

Using Student’s t-test, β-cryptoxanthin concentration is higher in the control group (p = 0.04); however, after adjusted for BMI and age, group difference is no longer significant in the regression analysis.

3

Lycopene concentrations are significantly higher in the control group as compared with the osteoporosis group (p = 0.03) after adjusting for age and BMI.