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. 2009 Mar 31;296(6):E1300–E1310. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.90885.2008

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Effect of macrophages and palmitic acid on myotube cytokine mRNA expression. A: effect of macrophages alone on myotube cytokine mRNA expression. Differentiated myotubes (M) were cocultured with macrophages (Mc) or, as a control for the coculture, MRC-5 fibroblasts (F) for 48 h. Gene expression in myotubes cocultured with macrophages (MMc) were compared with fibroblast controls (MF) and shown as fold induction. Presence of macrophages induced a 4- to 18-fold increase in expression of the indicated cytokine mRNAs from myotubes. B: effect of macrophages in the presence of palmitic acid on myotube cytokine mRNA expression. Because of the magnitude of induction and the range of values, y-axis is a log scale and data are presented as medians and ranges. Open circles represent outliers. All comparisons are significant except MF vs. MF+P for TNF-α and IL-1β. C: effect of macrophages in the presence of palmitic acid on myotube monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression. Data (n = 8) are means ± SE. *P < 0.01 vs. MF, **P < 0.001 vs. MF, †P < 0.004 vs. MMc.