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Secreted TNF-α (A), IL-6 (B), and IL-10 (C) in coculture media. Differentiated myotubes were cocultured with macrophages (MMc) or, as a control for the coculture, with fibroblasts (MF) for 48 h. Cocultures were treated without or with (+P) 0.2 mM palmitic acid for 24 h before collection of cell lysates. Media collected after coculture were assayed for TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 by ELISA as described in materials and methods. Data are means ± SE. *P ≤ 0.05 vs. MMc and MF, †P < 0.02 vs. MF.
