Table 2.
Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) Pathways and Functions Significantly Represented by Carbonylated Proteins
| Significant Pathways and Function in Both Muscle Types | ||
| Canonical Pathway | Function | |
| Oxidative phosphorylation | Carbohydrate metabolism | |
| Mitochondrial dysfunction | Cell signaling | |
| Butanoate metabolism | Energy production | |
| Fatty acid metabolism | Amino acid metabolism | |
| Valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation | Lipid metabolism | |
| Citric cycle | Small molecule biochemistry | |
| Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria | ||
| Pyruvate metabolism | ||
| Significant Functions Unique Only to Fast-Twitch Muscle* | ||
| Accession†,‡ | Protein Name | |
| Cellular function and maintenance | P63039 | Heat shock 60 kd protein 1 (chaperonin) |
| p = 2.5 × 10−18 (fast-twitch) | P32551 | Ubiquinol–cytochrome c reductase core protein II |
| p = 1.6 × 10−2 (slow-twitch) | Q66HF1 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1 |
| Q9Z2L0 | Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 | |
| Q68FY0 | Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein I | |
| Cell death | P11884 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 |
| p = 2.0 × 10−5 (fast-twitch) | P10860 | Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 |
| p = 3.4 × 10−3 (slow-twitch) | Q64428 | Trifunctional protein, α subunit |
| P48721 | Heat shock 70 kd protein 9 | |
| P63039 | Heat shock 60 kd protein 1 | |
| P26772 | Heat shock 10 kd protein 1 | |
| Q66HF1 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1 | |
| Q920L2 | Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein | |
| P21913 | Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur | |
| Q05962 | Adenine nucleotide translocator | |
| Q9Z2L0 | Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 | |
| P81155 | Voltage-dependent anion channel 2 | |
| Significant Canonical Pathways Unique Only to Fast-Twitch Muscle* | ||
| Accession†,‡ | Protein Name | |
| Tryptophan metabolism | P17764 | Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 |
| p = 1.2 × 10−12 (fast-twitch) | P11884 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 |
| p = 2.5 × 10−3 (slow-twitch) | Q62651 | Enoyl CoA hydratase 1 |
| P14604 | Enoyl CoA hydratase, short chain | |
| Q60587 | Trifunctional protein, β subunit | |
| Q5XI78 | Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase | |
| Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies | ||
| p = 2.4 × 10−7 (fast-twitch) | P17764 | Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 |
| p = 6.8 × 10−3 (slow-twitch) | Q60587 | Trifunctional protein, β subunit |
*
Notes: The canonical pathways and functions are significant (p < .001) in fast-twitch muscle but not significant (p > .001) in slow-twitch muscle.
†
Swiss-Prot accession numbers are given for each protein. For those proteins without a Swiss-Prot accession number, IPI accession numbers are given instead.
‡
Only proteins identified in fast-twitch muscle are listed.
NADH = reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; CoA = coenzyme A.