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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2008 Oct;21(5):610–615. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32830a4bfd

Figure 1. Facial action unit effect sizes for demented and normal patients experiencing pain.

Figure 1

The data plotted derive from the work of Kunz and others[17**]. Effect sizes come from repeated painful versus non-painful testing with a pressure algometer; that is, they gauge the impact of pain on the facial action units. The ordinate lists the relevant action units. A small effect size corresponds to .2, a medium effect size to .5 and a large effect size to .8. [this figure is original]