Table 1.
Distributions and odds ratios of ESCC associated with selected demographic characteristics and substance uses
| Factor/Category | Cases | Controls | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | No. (%) | AOR1 (95% CI) | |
| Total No. | 180 | 194 | |
| Anatomic subsite of the esophagus | |||
| Upper 1/3 | 39 (22) | ||
| Middle 1/3 | 83 (46) | ||
| Lower 1/3 | 58 (32) | ||
| Age (years) | |||
| <50 | 63 (35) | 70 (36) | 1.0 |
| 51–60 | 36 (20) | 58 (30) | 0.7 (0.4 – 1.2) |
| 61–70 | 45 (25) | 36 (18) | 1.4 (0.8 – 2.4) |
| >70 | 36 (20) | 30 (16) | 1.3 (0.7 – 2.4) |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 5 (3) | 7 (4) | 1.0 |
| Male | 175 (97) | 187 (96) | 1.3 (0.4 – 4.2) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Fukienese | 138 (77) | 152 (78) | 1.0 |
| Aborigines | 31 (17) | 28 (15) | 1.2 (0.7 – 2.1) |
| Others | 11 (6) | 14 (7) | 0.9 (0.4 – 2.0) |
| Education level (years) | |||
| <7 | 94 (52) | 51 (26) | 1.0 |
| 7–12 | 77 (43) | 86 (44) | 0.7 (0.4 – 1.4) |
| >12 | 9 (5) | 57 (30) | 0.2 (0.1 – 0.6) |
| p for trend | 0.001 | ||
| Tobacco smoking (pack-years)2 | |||
| No | 14 (8) | 101 (52) | 1.0 |
| 1–20 | 37 (20) | 26 (13) | 8.7 (3.2 – 23.6) |
| >20 | 129 (72) | 67 (35) | 7.7 (3.4 – 17.7) |
| p for trend | <0.001 | ||
| Alcohol drinking (drink-years)2 | |||
| No | 36 (20) | 130 (67) | 1.0 |
| 1–40 | 44 (24) | 34 (18) | 3.0 (1.4 – 6.4) |
| >40 | 100 (56) | 30 (15) | 7.2 (3.6 – 14.7) |
| p for trend | <0.001 | ||
| Betel quid chewing (pack-years)2 | |||
| No | 82 (46) | 175 (90) | 1.0 |
| 1–20 | 26 (15) | 7 (4) | 3.9 (1.4 – 10.8) |
| >20 | 69 (39) | 12 (6) | 5.6 (2.5 – 12.5) |
| p for trend | <0.001 | ||
1 Odds ratios were adjusted for covariates in the table.
2One drink corresponds to 15.75-g of alcohol; one smoked pack and chewed pack correspond to 20-cigarettes and 10-betel quids, respectively.