Table 1.
Baseline characteristics. Percentage of study participants who perceive the neighborhood is unsafe due to crime. (N = 1884)†
| Total N(%) |
Perceives neighborhood safety hazard due to crime N (%) |
SE | P | |
| Age | ||||
| 65–74 | 1152 (65) | 249 (22) | 1.62 | 0.54 |
| 75 and older | 732 (35) | 157 (20) | 2.50 | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 892 (41) | 197 (20) | 1.77 | 0.35 |
| Female | 992 (59) | 209 (22) | 1.88 | |
| Race | ||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 343 (16) | 103 (34)* | 4.03 | < 0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1541 (84) | 303 (19)* | 1.49 | |
| Annual household income | ||||
| Above 1980 federal poverty line | 1086 (73) | 217 (20) | 1.64 | 0.06 |
| Below poverty line | 583 (27) | 136 (26) | 2.92 | |
| Co-morbid conditions | ||||
| Zero or one | 1207(65) | 240 (20) | 1.69 | 0.19 |
| Two or more | 677 (35) | 166 (24) | 2.26 | |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | ||||
| Obese | 247 (16) | 49 (19) | 3.12 | 0.49 |
| Not obese | 1533 (84) | 330 (22) | 1.54 | |
| Cognitive impairment | ||||
| None or mild impairment | 1782 (96) | 389 (22) | 1.47 | 0.27 |
| Significant impairment | 91 (4) | 15 (16) | 5.28 | |
| Depression | ||||
| None or mild symptoms | 1627 (88) | 314 (19)* | 1.50 | < 0.001 |
| Depressed | 220 (12) | 81 (36)* | 3.98 | |
| Smoking history | ||||
| Current | 381 (18.7) | 81 (21) | 2.82 | 0.88 |
| Former | 566 (28.8) | 132 (22) | 2.34 | |
| Never | 934 (52.5) | 193 (21) | 1.86 | |
| Alcohol use | ||||
| None | 843 (43) | 183 (22) | 2.05 | 0.88 |
| Moderate | 925 (52) | 196 (21) | 1.91 | |
| Heavy (> 70) | 96 (5) | 21 (24) | 5.43 | |
| Walks for physical activity | ||||
| Often | 1053 (54) | 224 (21) | 1.82 | 0.06 |
| Sometimes | 536 (29) | 108 (18) | 2.26 | |
| Never | 282 (17) | 72 (28) | 3.38 | |
| Number of years lived at baseline address | ||||
| 5 years or less | 727 (23) | 147 (19) | 2.19 | 0.17 |
| Greater than 5 years | 1145 (77) | 257 (22) | 1.66 | |
| Changed residence | ||||
| Did not move from baseline address | 1282 (66) | 262 (19)* | 1.64 | 0.02 |
| Moved from baseline address at any point during study | 602 (34) | 144 (26)* | 2.38 | |
| NHR Crime rate | ||||
| Highest crime neighborhood (top tertile) | 506 (27) | 175 (33)* | 3.52 | < 0.001 |
| Crime in comparison neighborhoods (1st – 2nd tertiles) | 1378 (73) | 231 (17)* | 1.28 | |
| Perceives neighborhood safety hazard due to crime | 406 (22) | - | - | - |
†Weighted percentages are calculated in SUDAAN. No participants had a mobility disability at baseline. Totals do not sum to 100% where data are missing due to item non-response. Missing data on perception of safety N = 45 (2%); Missing data on income = 215 (11%). Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test of proportions in SUDAAN accounts for sample weights. *P < 0.05.