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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 8.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2008 Apr 1;122(7):1665–1674. doi: 10.1002/ijc.23244

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Caspases are involved in AF-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. (a) In the Alamar Blue assay, cells were seeded in 96-well plates and allowed to attach overnight followed by treatment with AF alone or in combination with Z-VAD-fmk for 12 hr. Certain cells were pretreated with 100 μM Z-VAD-fmk for 1 hr prior to 1 μM AF treatment. Growth inhibition was analyzed using a microplate reader. Data are shown as mean of at least 3 independent experiments; bars, SEM where *p < 0.05 when comparing the indicated treatment groups. (b) Hoffman Modulation phase contrast microscopy (×40 magnification) was used to visualize the formation apoptotic bodies. Data for the microscopy studies are representative of at least 3 independent experiments producing similar results. (c) Annexin V-PI staining of cells was used to evaluate apoptosis and determine whether AF-induced apoptosis is caspase dependent. Data is reported as the mean of at least 3 independent experiments; bars, SEM. ***p < 0.001 when comparing the indicated treatment groups.