Table 2.
Comparisons of Baseline Scores to Follow-up Scores
| CONTROL GROUP Sample size = 25 |
Change from baseline Mean difference (S.D) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test | Range of possible Scores (Norms) | Baseline Mean | Post CBT | Post TIVR | 8th month Follow-up |
| SF-36 Mental Health Composite [+]† | 0–100 (74.9) | 38.7 (11.6) | 2.0 (9.5) | 0.2 (12.2) | 1.1 (12.0) |
| SF-36 Physical Composite score [+] | 0–100 (66.3) | 28.6 (7.9) | 2.3 (4.4)* | 2.0 (7.7) | 2.6 (7.3) |
| MPQ Pain Now [−] | 0–10 (N/A) | 5.6 (2.0) | −0.2 (2.7) | −0.4 (2.4) | −0.2 (2.5) |
| MPQ Pain Typical [−] | 0–10 (N/A) | 6.8 (1.5) | −1.2 (2.1)* | −1.1 (1.9)* | −1.0 (1.8) |
| CSQ Ability to Control Pain [+] | 0–6 (1.2) | 2.3 (1.2) | 1.1 (1.2)*** | 0.8 (1.4)* | 1.0 (1.2)** |
| CSQ Ability to Decrease Pain [+] | 0–6 (2.8) | 2.5 (1.2) | 0.5 (1.2) | 0.2 (1.3) | 0.4 (1.0)* |
| CSQ Catastrophize [−] | 0–36 (17.8) | 16.4 (7.2) | −5.9 (6.5)** | −5.2 (7.6)* | −6.8 (7.5)** |
| CSQ Divert Attention [+] | 0–36 (13.6) | 11.0 (8.3) | 4.3 (6.6)* | 1.9 (6.5) | 0.6 (6.2) |
| CSQ Reinterpret Pain [+] | 0–36 (10.6) | 4.3 (5.3) | 2.7 (5.5)* | 1.8 (5.8) | 1.8 (4.6) |
| CSQ Self-Talk [+] | 0–36 (22.4) | 19.2 (5.7) | 1.6 (4.9) | 2.3 (5.8) | 2.2 (5.5) |
| CSQ Ignore Sensations [+] | 0–36 (15.5) | 10.8 (7.2) | 2.0 (7.8) | 0.8 (7.2) | 1.5 (6.3) |
| CSQ Pray/Hope [−] | 0–36 (11.8) | 15.4 (6.3) | −1.2 (5.7) | −1.8 (6.6) | −1.8 (7.9) |
| CSQ More Active [+] | 0–36 (16.7) | 13.6 (7.0) | 3.5 (7.0)* | 1.8 (6.6) | 0.8 (5.6) |
| TOPS Total Pain Experience [−] | 0–100 (63.4) | 60.2 (12.2) | −5.3 (7.0)** | −4.1 (10.3) | −3.5 (11.4) |
| • Pain Symptoms (−) | 0–100 (72.0) | 68.7 (12.3) | −4.0 (9.2)* | −3.7 (13.1) | −5.3 (15.7) |
| • Lower Body Limitations (−) | 0–100 (58.8) | 59.4 (33.0) | −1.9 (19.4) | −1.1 (26.0) | −5.2 (17.0) |
| • Perceived Social Disability (−) | 0–100 (62.1) | 56.5 (13.5) | −7.6 (12.4)* | −6.9 (12.7)* | −5.2 (15.2) |
| • Objective Social Disability (−) | 0–100 (24.2) | 68.5 (21.3) | −4.8 (19.3) | 0.7 (19.0) | −0.3 (17.4) |
| • Objective Work Disability (−)‡ | yes/no | 36% | −8 | 4 | 0 |
|
| |||||
|
TIVR GROUP Sample size = 26 |
Change from baseline Mean difference (S.D) |
||||
|
| |||||
| Test | Range of possible Scores (Norms) | Baseline Mean | Post CBT | Post TIVR | 8th month Follow-up |
|
| |||||
| SF-36 Mental Health Composite [+]† | 0–100 (74.9) | 38.7 (13.4) | 7.3 (10.6)* | 10.1 (14.9)* | 10.4 (14.2)* |
| SF-36 Physical Composite score [+] | 0–100 (66.3) | 31.4 (9.0) | 1.3 (7.6) | 6.0 (6.7)** | 8.9 (10.1)** |
| MPQ Pain Now [−] | 0–10 (N/A) | 6.1 (1.7) | −1.8 (2.3)** | −2.8 (2.3)*** | −3.5 (2.2)*** |
| MPQ Pain Typical [−] | 0–10 (N/A) | 5.7 (1.9) | −0.2 (2.1) | −1.7 (2.3)* | −2.3 (2.3)*** |
| CSQ Ability to Control Pain [+] | 0–6 (1.2) | 2.5 (1.4) | 0.9 (1.5)* | 1.7 (1.3)*** | 1.8 (1.3)*** |
| CSQ Ability to Decrease Pain [+] | 0–6 (2.8) | 2.5 (1.2) | 0.7 (1.0)* | 1.4 (1.3)*** | 1.3 (1.3)*** |
| CSQ Catastrophize [−] | 0–36 (17.8) | 16.5 (9.4) | −8.7 (8.7)*** | −10.5 (6.9)*** | −11.5 (8.1)*** |
| CSQ Divert Attention [+] | 0–36 (13.6) | 10.4 (7.0) | 5.8 (6.7)* | 3.9 (6.4)* | 5.0 (7.0)* |
| CSQ Reinterpret Pain [+] | 0–36 (10.6) | 2.5 (3.5) | 4.5 (7.3)* | 4.2 (7.5)* | 3.5 (7.4)* |
| CSQ Self-Talk [+] | 0–36 (22.4) | 19.7 (8.3) | 0.3 (6.6) | −0.8 (9.8) | −0.4 (8.1) |
| CSQ Ignore Sensations [+] | 0–36 (15.5) | 11.1 (7.2) | 1.4 (7.7) | −0.2 (8.5) | 0.5 (7.1) |
| CSQ Pray/Hope [−] | 0–36 (11.8) | 14.6 (8.0) | −1.9 (7.9) | −4.6 (7.1)* | −4.3 (7.1)* |
| CSQ More Active [+] | 0–36 (16.7) | 12.5 (5.6) | 4.4 (5.0)** | 2.5 (5.2)* | 3.0 (5.4)* |
| TOPS Total Pain Experience [−] | 0–100 (63.4) | 56.8 (12.1) | −6.7 (11.3)* | −16.0 (12.8)*** | −18.1 (13.5)*** |
| • Pain Symptoms (−) | 0–100 (72.0) | 70.6 (16.0) | −8.8 (16.7)* | −21.0 (19.6)*** | −26.8 (19.2)*** |
| • Lower Body Limitations (−) | 0–100 (58.8) | 52.1 (31.3) | −6.1 (22.9) | −16.0 (20.1)** | −18.8 (29.1)* |
| • Perceived Social Disability (−) | 0–100 (62.1) | 52.7 (12.4) | −6.9 (14.9)* | −17.1 (17.6)*** | −17.3 (15.1)*** |
| • Objective Social Disability (−) | 0–100 (24.2) | 64.2 (21.8) | −9.5 (15.4)* | −11.3 (17.1)* | −10.7 (17.7)* |
| • Objective Work Disability (−)‡ | yes/no | 62% | −8 | 4 | −8 |
SF-36 Normative Values are for the general population (Ware and Sherbourne, 1992); TOPS and CSQ Normative Values are for chronic pain patients (Rogers et all, 2000) (Stewart et all, 2001)
†
Sign in parentheses indicates the direction test results should go in order to satisfy expected outcome
‡
Percentage of those not claiming work disability. Exact test for dependent proportions was used to assess the significance of change from baseline
Bolded results indicate the follow-up with the maximum improvement from baseline
Significance
*
p<.05,
**
p<.001,
***
p<.0001