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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Surg Endosc. 2008 Sep 24;23(6):1298–1307. doi: 10.1007/s00464-008-0154-z

Table 1.

Effective elastic modulus of liver and stomach from human cadaver experiments. The radius of indenter ‘a’ is 1.5mm.

Indentation depth Liver Stomach
Mean (kPa) Standard deviation Mean (kPa) Standard deviation
1mm 2.4847 ±0.5590 1.2529 ±0.2882
2mm 2.6116 ±0.5189 1.0829 ±0.2780
4mm 4.1113 ±0.6901 1.7537 ±0.4678
6mm 8.0462 ±1.7087 2.4569 ±0.8779
8mm 12.4256 ±2.3887 3.0133 ±1.3060