Table 2.
The Odds Ratios of multi-level smoking status, illicit drug use, smokeless tobacco use, alcohol frequency and intoxication at follow-up (age 17.5) according to early-onset depressive disorders at baseline (age 14) among Finnish twins born 1983-87(N=1545).
| Model 1 (Bivariate OR, 95%CI) |
Model 2 (Multivariate OR, 95%CI) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | p | OR | 95%CI | p | |
| Smoking behavior | ||||||
| Never-smokers | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Experimentation | 1.40 | .91-2.16 | .127 | 1.28 | .82-2.02 | .278 |
| Occasional | 1.37 | .77-2.44 | .278 | 1.27 | .68-2.36 | .453 |
| Daily 1 | 2.29 | 1.49-3.50 | <.001 | 2.14 | 1.33-3.45 | .002 |
| Smokeless tobacco use | ||||||
| Never-users | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Experimentation | 1.88 | 1.20-2.96 | .006 | 1.71 | 1.04-2.80 | .035 |
| Use | 2.00 | 1.32-3.04 | .001 | 2.08 | 1.31-3.29 | .002 |
| Illicit drug use | ||||||
| Never-users | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Experimentation | 1.66 | 1.05-2.64 | .030 | 1.38 | .85-2.25 | .191 |
| Moderate (4-19 times) | 1.67 | .80-3.45 | .169 | 1.00 | .41-2.40 | .995 |
| Frequent (>20 times) | 4.71 | 1.95-11.37 | .001 | 3.75 | 1.07-13.21 | .039 |
| Alcohol use | ||||||
| Abstainers | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Occasional | 1.31 | .75-2.31 | .344 | 1.31 | .73-2.37 | .355 |
| Moderate | 1.32 | .80-2.20 | .279 | 1.24 | .73-2.11 | .419 |
| Frequent 2 | 2.02 | 1.05-3.91 | .036 | 2.14 | 1.00-4.57 | .049 |
| Intoxication | ||||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Occasional | 1.19 | .73-1.95 | .481 | 1.17 | .71-1.95 | .533 |
| Recurrent 3 | 1.83 | 1.18-2.85 | .007 | 1.65 | 1.04-2.62 | .034 |
| Frequent | 1.26 | .62-2.58 | .526 | .99 | .43-2.27 | .973 |
Abbreviations: CI=Confidence Intervals; OR=Odds Ratios.In all models, the abstainers/never users were used as reference category.
1-20 cigarettes or more/day
at least a couple times a week or daily
a couple times in a month to at least once in a couple months. All analysis adjusted for demographics (sex, age), multivariate analyses adjusted also for baseline risk behaviors and other psychopathology. In multivariate analysis, users at baseline (daily smokers, smokeless tobacco users, illicit drug users and subjects with alcohol use disorders) were excluded from the analysis.