Table 1.
Biological Maternal and Child Characteristics (N = 278)
| N (%) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biological maternal at birth | |||
| African American | 238 (86%) | ||
| Married | 39 (14%) | ||
| Low SESa | 271 (98%) | ||
| No prenatal care | 34 (12%) | ||
| Number of prenatal visits | 7.23 (5.00) | 7 (3–10) | |
| Age at birth | 27.63 (5.16) | 27 (23–31) | |
| Parity | 3.19 (1.90) | 3 (2–4) | |
| Years of education | 11.84 (1.59) | 12 (11–12) | |
| Prevalence of prenatal drug use | |||
| Alcohol | 206 (77%) | ||
| Cigarette | 165 (61%) | ||
| Marijuana | 84 (31%) | ||
| Cocaine | 142 (51%) | ||
| Average amount of prenatal drug use | |||
| Alcohol dose/week | 5.44 (14.26) | 0.5 (0–4.0) | |
| Cigarette use/day | 6.91 (9.14) | 3 (0–11.25) | |
| Marijuana dose/week | 0.79 (2.66) | 0 (0–0.06) | |
| Cocaine units/week | 10.73 (28.06) | 0.13 (0–8.25) | |
| Global Severity Index | 0.6 (0.63) | 0.40 (0.17–0.87) | |
| PPVT-R Standard Score | 76.23 (15.39) | 74 (66–85) | |
| WAIS-R Block Design | 7.17 (1.82) | 7 (6–8) | |
| WAIS-R Picture Completion | 7.04 (2.20) | 6 (5–8) | |
| Child | |||
| African American | 236 (85%) | ||
| Male | 133 (48%) | ||
| Gestational Age (weeks) | 38.12 (2.64) | 39 (37–40) | |
| Birth weight (grams) | 2907.54 (669.30) | 3002 (2435–3365) | |
| Baby length (cm) | 48.27 (3.70) | 48.5 (46.0–51.0) | |
| Head circumference (cm) | 32.98 (2.20) | 33 (32.0–34.5) | |
| Lead level at 4 years (μg/dL) | 7.01 (4.07) | 6.1 (4.0–9.0) | |
| < 5 μg/dL | 100 (36%) | ||
| 5 μg/dL - < 7.5 μg/dL | 71 (26%) | ||
| 7.5 μg/dL - < 10 μg/dL | 55 (20%) | ||
| ≥10 μg/dL | 52 (19%) | ||
| Iron Deficiency Anemia | 11 (4%) | ||
a
Hollingshead classification IV and V
IQR= Inter Quartile Range; PPVT-R= Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test- Revised; WAIS-R = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised