Table 3.

Differences between stuttering speakers and controls in speech production.

Region	Approx. BA	x	y	z	peak t
Speech Production
PWS < Controls
Left precentral gyrus	6	−33	−9	32	12.67
Right precentral gyrus	6	27	−27	62	13.03
Right cingulate gyrus	24	9	1	36	11.76
Left STG	42	−55	−31	10	11.2
Left MTG	22	−61	−32	0	9.22
Left IPL	2, 40	−39	−25	29	11.5
Left SMG	40	−47	−50	22	6.88
Right lingual gyrus	18	17	−85	−14	10.31
Right cerebellar tonsil (IX)	N/A	17	−41	−38	8.52
Right cerebellar vermis	N/A	3	−53	−10	8.45
PWS > Controls
Left precentral gyrus	4	−41	−17	38	15.11
Right precentral gyrus	4	48	−9	30	12.32
Left cingulate gyrus	32	−11	10	38	11.22
Left SMA	6	−7	−3	52	11.96
Right IFG	47	44	14	−3	7.39
Left insula	13	−44	−14	5	8.5
Right insula	13	37	−8	15	8.28
Left HG	41	−35	−29	10	10.3
Right HG	41	43	−27	12	12.84
Right STG	22	55	−27	5	9.45
Right MTG	22	51	−33	3	7.74
Right IPL	40	51	−31	22	12.47
Left posterior cingulate gyrus	17	−9	−65	12	12.38
Right putamen	N/A	24	0	8	6.74
Left cerebellar culmen	N/A	−30	−54	−19	7.34

Regions, stereotaxic coordinates (talairach), and peak t score values for activation differences between stuttering and control groups during speech production.