Table 4.

Differences between stuttering speakers and controls in non-speech production.

Region	Approx. BA	x	y	z	peak t
Non-Speech Production
PWS < Controls
Left precentral gyrus	6	−35	−9	34	14.88
Right SMA	6	7	−31	66	15.27
Left middle frontal gyrus	10	−27	49	18	9.21
Left STG	42	−33	−41	12	13.01
Left IPL	2, 40	−38	−28	29	11.07
Right IPL	40	45	−51	44	9.59
Left SMG	40	−49	−49	22	9.99
Left lingual gyrus	18	−23	−77	−2	8.22
Right lingual gyrus	18	17	−85	−12	14.53
Right thalamus	N/A	3	−11	10	9.57
Left cerebellar vermis	N/A	−1	−51	−10	10.71
Left cerebellum (Crus 1)	N/A	−19	−73	−28	8.98
Right cerebellum	N/A	−21	−69	−26	9.04
PWS > Controls
Left precentral gyrus	4	−41	−17	38	12.92
Right precentral gyrus	4	60	−6	20	7.68
Left cingulate gyrus	32	−9	13	40	12.49
Left insula	22	−39	−21	4	12.15
Left insula	13	−39	−21	4	12.15
Right STG	22	63	−27	6	12.91
Right MTG	22	51	−35	3	9.96
Right IPL	13	52	−31	21	12.45
Right IPL	40	45	−51	44	9.59
Left putamen	N/A	−23	1	7	5.81
Right putamen	N/A	25	2	7	9.2
Left cerebellar culmen	N/A	−31	−54	19	7.98

Regions, stereotaxic coordinates (talairach), and peak t score values for activation differences between stuttering and control groups during non-speech production.