Table 8.
Selected studies of functional pancreatic endocrine tumors
| Study (author, year) | Number of patients | Median age (years) | Type of tumor (hormone produced) | Malignant PET (%) Number of patients with metastases | Survival | Factors adversely affecting survival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Service et al., 1991 (Service et al. 1991) | 244 | 47 | Insulinoma | 5.8 | 10 year OS: 78% for benign and 29% for malignant insulinoma | Malignant insulinoma, advanced age. |
| Grant et al., 2005(Grant 2005) | 225 | NR | Insulinoma | 0 | 98% cure rate | NR |
| Grama et al., 1992(Grama et al. 1992) | 85 | NR | Insulinoma56% | 47 | 10 OS: insulinoma 50%, malignant PET28% | Liver metastases, tumor > 4 cm, complete resection |
| Norton et al., 1999(Norton et al. 1999) | 151 (36 with pancreat ic gastrino ma) | 48 (mean age) | Gastrinoma* | NR | 5 year OS:100% for sporadic gastrinoma. 42% free of disease at 5 years | MEN1 (lower disease free survival) |
| Danforth et al., 1984(Danforth et al. 1984) | 17 | Insulinoma | 17 (100) LN: 8 (47) Liver: 12 (70) |
NR | NR | |
| Hirshberg et al., 2005(Hirshberg et al. 2005) | 10 | Insulinoma | 100 | Survival ranged from 4 months to 30 years | NR | |
| Matthews et al., 2002(Matthews et al. 2002) | 20 | gastrinoma 8 (40) insulinoma: 7(35) glucagonoma: 4 (20) VIPoma: 1 (5) MEN: 3 (15) |
Metastases: 5 (20) | 63% survival at a mean follow-up of 47 months | NR | |
| Harrison et al., 1973(Harrison et al. 1973) | 35 | Insulinoma | Metastases: 3 (9%) | NR | Metastatic disease (2 of 3 patients died shortly after referral | |
| Starke et al., 2005(Starke et al. 2005) | 77 | Insulinoma | Metastases 10 (13) | 2 year survival (metastatic only): 2.6 years | NR | |
| Chen et al., 2002(Chen et al. 2002) | 74 | Insulinoma | Malignant insulinoma: 2 (3%) | All patients with benign insulinoma were cured. One patient with malignant insulinoma survived 18 years. | NR | |
| Feng et al., 2002(Feng et al. 2002) | 105 | Insulinoma | Malignant insulinoma: 4 (4%) | All patients with benign insulinoma were cured. 3 of 4 patients with malignant insulinoma had relief of their symptoms and 1 died | NR | |
| Boukhman et al., 1998(Boukhman et al. 1998) | 67 | Insulinoma | Malignant insulinoma: 10 (15%) | 89% underwent a successful operation (no survival data reported) | NR | |
| Kang et al., 2006(Kang et al. 2006) | 14 | Insulinoma: 12 (86%) Gastrinoma: 2 (14%) |
Two malignant tumors (1 insulinoma and 1 gastrinoma) | 10 year survival: 81% (one patient died from unrelated causes) | NR | |
| Lundstam et al., 1979(Lundstam et al. 1979) | 12 | Insulinoma | 1 (8) | All patients with benign insulinoma survived | NR | |
| Zeng et al., 1988(Zeng et al. 1988) | 110 | Insulinoma | 3 (3) | 4 cases with recurrent hypoglycemia. No information on the metastatic cases |
NR |
*
Pancreatic and non-pancreatic gastrinoma
LN: Lymph nodes, NR: Not reported, OS: overall survival.