Table 3.

RRs (95% CIs) of subsequent ED visits comparing rural to urban residents who had an initial ED visit for asthma, 1999–2004, Hawaii^*

Sample	Variable	RR (95% CI)	χ2	P value
Total sample
	Rural vs urban	.78 (.63–.96)	5.55	.02
	Age in decades	1.08(1.03–1.14)	9.56	.002
	Female vs male	.93(75–1.14)	.5	.48
	HMO vs private insurance	1.32 (1.05–1.64)	5.9	.02
	Medicare vs private insurance	.95 (.62–1.46)	.06	.81
	Number of ER visits in last year	1.36 (1.22–1.52)	28.67	<.001
	Morbidity level 2 vs 1	1.02 (.73–1.41)	.01	.92
	Morbidity level 3 vs 1	1.30 (.95–1.79)	2.66	.10
	Morbidity level 4 vs 1	1.36 (.93–1.98)	2.58	.11
	Morbidity level 5 vs 1	1.37 (.91–2.04)	2.3	.13
Children
	Rural vs urban	.92 (.62–1.35)	.19	.66
	Age in decades	1.00 (.67–1.49)	.0	.99
	Female vs male	1.00 (.67–1.50)	0	.99
	HMO vs private insurance	1.24 (.84–1.83)	1.13	.29
	Number of ER visits in last year	1.00 (.56–1.81)	.0	.99
	Morbidity level 2 vs 1	.94 (.58–1.53)	.05	.82
	Morbidity level 3 vs 1	1.11 (.64–1.91)	.14	.71
	Morbidity level 4 vs 1	.97 (.41–2.28)	.01	.94
	Morbidity level 5 vs 1	.25 (.03–1.88)	1.81	.18
Adults
	Rural vs urban	.72 (.56–.93)	6.58	.01
	Age in decades	1.03 (.94–1.12)	.38	.54
	Female vs male	.87 (.68–1.12)	1.17	.2
	HMO vs private insurance	1.33 (1.02–1.75)	4.28	.04
	Medicare vs private insurance	1.02 (.65–1.60)	.01	.94
	Number of ER visits in last year	1.39(1.24–1.56)	31.11	<.001
	Morbidity level 2 vs 1	1.14 (.71–1.82)	.3	.58
	Morbidity level 3 vs 1	1.61 (1.05–2.49)	4.69	.03
	Morbidity level 4 vs 1	1.72 (1.07–2.77)	4.98	.03
	Morbidity level 5 vs 1	1.91 (1.15–3.15)	6.32	.01

RR = rate ratio, CI = confidence interval, ED = emergency department, HMO = health maintenance organization.

^*Analyses included 4318 adults and 2062 children. Results are shown for variables significant (P<.05) in one or more regression models. Models also included the costs of office visits in the past year and indicators for calendar year.