Table 3.

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness changes for the high energy, high carbohydrate diet + exercise (HED; 2,600: 55:15:30), no diet + exercise (ND), very low carbohydrate, high protein diet + exercise (VLCHP: 1,200; 63:7:30), low carbohydrate, moderate protein diet + exercise (LCMP: 1,200; 50:20:30), high carbohydrate, low protein diet + exercise (HCLP: 1,200; 55:15:30).

				P-value
Variable	Group	Mean	14 Week Delta	Within Group	G × T
Max VO2 (ml·kg·min--1)	HED	1.0	(-0.79, +2.73)	0.48	<0.05
	ND	0.8	(-1.45, +3.00)	0.27
	VLCHP	3.6	(+2.30, +4.94)	<0.001
	LCMP	1.1	(+0.13, +2.26)d	<0.01
	HCLP	0.9	(+0.05, +1.67)d	<0.001
	CON	0.1	(-2.92, +3.13)	0.52
BP 1 RM (kg·kg-1)	HED	0.06	(+0.03, +0.09)	<0.01	0.44
	ND	0.06	(+0.04, +0.08)	<0.001
	VLCHP	0.04	(+0.03, +0.06)	<0.001
	LCMP	0.09	(+0.03, +0.16)	<0.05
	HCLP	0.05	(+0.03, +0.06)	<0.001
	CON	0.02	(-0.02, +0.05)	0.59
BP Lifting Volume (kg·kg-1)	HED	1.8	(-6.07, +9.70)	0.20	0.35
	ND	1.2	(-3.99, +6.37)	0.90
	VLCHP	3.4	(-0.29, +7.09)	0.30
	LCMP	1.0	(-3.16, +5.25)	0.18
	HCLP	2.9	(+0.31, +5.58)	<0.05
	CON	2.7	(-2.46, +7.81)	0.59
LP 1 RM (kg·kg-1)	HED	0.2	(-0.02, +0.47)	0.11	0.38
	ND	0.2	(+0.09, +0.43)	<0.001
	VLCHP	0.3	(+0.22, +0.48)	<0.001
	LCMP	0.5	(+0.20, +0.73)	<0.005
	HCLP	0.2	(+0.13, +0.32)	<0.001
	CON	0.1	(-0.15, +0.37)	0.54
LP Lifting Volume (kg·kg-1)	HED	2.0	(-5.76, +9.84)	0.45	0.32
	ND	0.9	(-4.32, +6.08)	0.32
	VLCHP	4.5	(+0.93, +8.03)	<0.05
	LCMP	3.9	(-0.79, +8.58)	0.24
	HCLP	3.9	(+1.40, +6.48)	<0.01
	CON	2.3	(-2.73, +7.38)	0.28

Dietary intake is presented as energy (i.e., calories) intake: % carbohydrate: protein: fat. All data is presented as the mean plus the 95% confidence intervals for the delta response at week 14. Main effects for time are provided as within-group P-values. Group × time interaction effects are provided as GxT P-values.Significance level was set at 0.05.

^dDifferent than VLCHP, P < 0.05