Table 1.
Autophagy-related proteins identified from the SilkDB.
| Autophagy proteins | Bombyx mori genes | Biochemical properties |
| Ubiquitin-like conjugation pathway | ||
| Atg3 | BGIBMGA003767-TA | E2-like enzyme conjugates Atg8 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) |
| Atg4 | BGIBMGA004926-TA | Cysteine protease, cleaves C-terminal extension or PE from Atg8 |
| Atg5 | BGIBMGA007878-TA | Conjugates to Atg12 through internal lysine |
| Atg7 | BGIBMGA001467-TA | E1-like enzyme activates Atg8 and Atg12 |
| Atg8 | BGIVMGA011783-PA | Conjugates with Atg7, Atg3 |
| Atg12 | BGIBMGA003954-TA | Conjugates to Atg5 by E1 enzyme Atg7 |
| Atg16 | BGIBMGA006504-TA | Protein interacts with Atg12-Atg5 |
| Signal transduction pathway | ||
| PI3K-I | BGIBMGA010561-TA | Relieves the inhibitory effects on TOR through PI3K/Akt pathway |
| Pdk1 | BGIBMGA011755-TA | The activator of Akt/Pkb |
| Akt/Pkb | BGIBMGA014132-TA | Protein kinase B, be activated by Pdk1 |
| Tsc1 | BGIBMGA005845-TA | Forms a complex with Tsc2 |
| Tsc2 | BGIBMGA005686-TA | Tuberous sclerosis complex 2, induce autophagy by inhibiting TOR |
| Rheb | BGIBMGA006257-TA | Be negatively regulated by TSC2 and positively regulates TOR |
| AMPK | BGIBMGA013139-TA | AMP activated protein kinase, stimulates autophagy by inhibiting TOR signal pathway |
| TOR | BGIBMGA008952-TA | Rapamycin target and a kinase involved in repression of autophagy |
| Tap42 | BGIBMGA013517-TA | A target of the TOR kinases |
| Pp2A | BGIBMGA010831-TA | Protein phosphatase 2A, functions downstream of TOR |
| P70s6K | BGIBMGA011088-TA | A downstream effector of TOR, positively regulates autophagy |
| PI3K- III | BGIBMGA007158-TA | Contributes to the formation of autophagic vacuoles |
| Atg6 | BGIBMGA000092-TA | Component of class III PI3K complexes |
| others | ||
| Hsc73 | BGIBMGA002381-TA | Involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy |
| Atg1 | BGIBMGA011986-TA | Ser/Thr kinase, required for autophagy |
| Atg18 | BGIBMGA007298-TA | Required for recycling of Atg9 |
| Atg9 | BGIBMGA012307-PA | Transmembrane protein, formation of CVT and autophagic vesicles |
aHomologues were identified by a BLAST search against the Silkworm Genome Database (SilkDB).
bThe alignment parameters were set as E-value of < 1e-10 and alignment of >25%.