Fig. 2.

The effect of minoxidil and ATRA on the p-Erk and on total Erk in (A) DPCs and in (B) NHK. The level of p-Erk increased significantly after treatment of minoxidil, and minoxidil plus ATRA more enhanced the expression of p-Erk. The representative bands of triplicate experiments are shown. The values shown are the means±SEM of % elevation compared with the vehicle-treated control from three different DPCs and NHK cultures. ^*, p<0.05, compared with the vehicle-treated control. p-Erk, phosphorylated Erk; T-Erk, total Erk; M, minoxidil.