Biosynthetic pathway of UDP-ManNAc(3NAc)A in P. aeruginosa PAO1. Abbreviations: AcCoA, acetyl-coenzyme A; CoA, coenzyme A, 2-HG, 2-hydroxyglutarate; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate; NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate; PLP, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate; PMP, pyridoxamine 5′phosphate.