Table 4.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pancreatic cancer and intake of fructose, sucrose, lactose in a population-based case–control study, San Francisco Bay Area, California
| Men + Women | Men | Women | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartiles | Case n | % | Control n | % | ORa | 95% CIa | ORb | 95% CIb | ORb | 95% CIb | ORb | 95% CIb |
| Fructose, gm/day | ||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 160 | 30 | 426 | 25 | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent |
| Quartile 2 | 129 | 25 | 424 | 25 | 0.8 | 0.6–1.1 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.2 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.4 | 0.8 | 0.5–1.2 |
| Quartile 3 | 124 | 24 | 425 | 25 | 0.8 | 0.6–1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.2 | 0.8 | 0.6–1.2 | 0.9 | 0.6–1.4 |
| Quartile 4 | 112 | 21 | 426 | 25 | 0.7 | 0.5–0.9 | 0.8 | 0.6–1.1 | 0.8 | 0.5–1.1 | 0.9 | 0.6–1.3 |
| Trend-p | 0.01 | 0.2 | 0.05 | 0.9 | ||||||||
| Sucrose, gm/day | ||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 141 | 27 | 425 | 25 | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent |
| Quartile 2 | 125 | 24 | 425 | 25 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.2 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.4 | 1.1 | 0.8–1.7 | 0.9 | 0.6–1.5 |
| Quartile 3 | 121 | 23 | 425 | 25 | 0.9 | 0.7–1.2 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.3 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.5 | 1.2 | 0.8–1.8 |
| Quartile 4 | 138 | 26 | 426 | 25 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.3 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.4 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.5 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.7 |
| Trend-p | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.6 | ||||||||
| Lactosec, gm/day | ||||||||||||
| Quartile 1 | 94 | 18 | 425 | 25 | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent |
| Quartile 2 | 136 | 26 | 425 | 25 | 1.5 | 1.1–2.0 | 1.5 | 1.1–2.0 | 1.6 | 1.1–2.7 | 1.2 | 0.7–1.9 |
| Quartile 3 | 131 | 25 | 425 | 25 | 1.4 | 1.1–1.9 | 1.6 | 1.2–2.1 | 1.8 | 1.2–2.8 | 2.0 | 1.3–3.1 |
| Quartile 4 | 164 | 31 | 425 | 25 | 1.8 | 1.3–2.4 | 2.0 | 1.5–2.7 | 2.1 | 1.3–3.0 | 1.7 | 1.1–2.7 |
| Trend-p | 0.0003 | <0.0001 | 0.003 | 0.03 | ||||||||
aUsed energy residual model; adjusted for age, sex, and energy intake (kcal/day, men: quartiles, women: quartiles)
bAdditionally adjusted for body mass index (<25.0, 25.0–29.9, ≥30 kg/m2), race (white, black/African American, Asian/Pacific Islander, others), education (<high-school graduate, high-school graduate, 1–4 years college, graduate school), smoking (never smoker, former cigarette smoker who had quit smoking >15 years previously, former cigarette smoker who had quit smoking 1–15 years previously, current cigarette smoker or former cigarette smoker who had quit smoking <1 year previously, pipe and/or cigar smoker), history of diabetes (yes, no), and physical activity (30-min moderate exercise each time: <1 month, 1–4/month, 2–6/week, and daily)
cAdditionally adjusted for total fat consumption by quartiles