Table 1. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for active and passive smoking history by cancer site, Los Angeles county.
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Adenocarcinoma of oesophagus
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Adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia
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Adenocarcinoma of distal gastric
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| Exposure to smoking | Control | n | ORa (95% CI) | N | ORa (95% CI) | n | ORa (95% CI) |
| Lifetime exposure to smoke (active and passive) | |||||||
| No active, no passive | 122 | 12 | — | 17 | — | 38 | — |
| No active, passive exposure in childhood only | 151 | 6 | 0.48 (0.17–1.42) | 20 | 0.89 (0.44–1.79) | 34 | 0.85 (0.48–1.53) |
| No active, any passive exposure in adulthoodb | 207 | 22 | 1.49 (0.65–3.40) | 32 | 0.86 (0.44–1.67) | 85 | 1.30 (0.79–2.14) |
| Ex-smoker | 639 | 107 | 1.55 (0.76–3.19) | 127 | 1.07 (0.61–1.86) | 177 | 1.28 (0.82–2.01) |
| Current smoker | 236 | 70 | 3.27 (1.56–6.86) | 79 | 2.07 (1.16–3.70) | 90 | 1.82 (1.12–2.97) |
| Passive exposure type among never smokers | |||||||
| No passive smoke exposure | 122 | 12 | — | 17 | — | 38 | — |
| Exposure to cigarette only | 298 | 23 | 1.05 (0.46–2.39) | 41 | 0.79 (0.42–1.48) | 97 | 1.04 (0.64–1.70) |
| Exposure to other types of tobaccoc | 61 | 4 | 0.67 (0.19–2.35) | 11 | 0.87 (0.36–2.10) | 22 | 1.25 (0.61–2.55) |
| No. of persons who smoke in households of never smokers | |||||||
| Childhood | |||||||
| No childhood exposure | 178 | 20 | — | 24 | — | 70 | — |
| 1 | 206 | 13 | 0.58 (0.27–1.26) | 23 | 0.76 (0.40–1.42) | 51 | 0.72 (0.45–1.14) |
| 2+ | 93 | 5 | 0.47 (0.15–1.52) | 20 | 1.36 (0.67–2.77) | 23 | 0.82 (0.45–1.49) |
| Adulthood | |||||||
| No adult exposure | 273 | 18 | — | 37 | — | 72 | — |
| 1 | 141 | 14 | 1.80 (0.81–4.00) | 20 | 0.72 (0.37–1.42) | 58 | 1.38 (0.86–2.21) |
| 2+ | 66 | 6 | 1.34 (0.46–3.93) | 12 | 1.04 (0.49–2.22) | 27 | 1.23 (0.66–2.29) |
| Duration of passive smoke exposure among never smokers | |||||||
| Adulthood | |||||||
| No adult exposure | 273 | 18 | — | 37 | — | 72 | — |
| <12 person-exposure years | 112 | 10 | 1.54 (0.64–3.72) | 11 | 0.55 (0.25–1.20) | 34 | 1.15 (0.67–1.97) |
| ⩾12 person-exposure years | 95 | 10 | 1.77 (0.73–4.32) | 21 | 1.08 (0.54–2.16) | 51 | 1.54 (0.92–2.58) |
| P for trendd | 0.43 | 0.60 | 0.03 | ||||
CI=confidence interval; OR=odds ratio.
a
ORs from polychotomous logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index at reference age, and ethnicity (others vs non-Hispanic white).
b
Might or might not be exposed during childhood.
c
Other types of tobacco include cigar, pipe, or a combination of these.
d
Trend statistics was calculated using continuous measure of exposed duration in person-exposure years.