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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nebr Symp Motiv. 2009;55:91–109. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-78748-0_6

Figure 6.1.

Figure 6.1

Mean (+SE) responses on the active lever for NIC+VS peaks at more than twice the sum of NIC alone plus VS alone. For clarity the lower panel reproduces the NIC and NIC + VS data of the upper panel and shows non-contingent VS exposure (controlled by rats in the NIC+VS group through yoking) does not synergize with contingent NIC. N=8-12/group. Data derived from Donny et al (2003).