Table 3.
Odds ratios of having a high immune response among individuals in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (July 2000—July 2002) infected with all four pathogens by socioeconomic and psychosocial factors*
| Models 1† |
Model 2‡ (N=266)
|
Model 3§ (N=259)
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | OR|| | 95% CI | p-value | OR|| | 95% CI | p-value | OR|| | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Education | 306 | |||||||||
| High School or Less | 2.13 | (1.23, 3.69) | 0.01 | 1.54 | (0.79, 2.99) | 0.20 | 1.64 | (0.82, 3.31) | 0.16 | |
| Some College, Associate’s Degree, or Technical School | 1.22 | (0.67, 2.22) | 0.52 | 0.91 | (0.47, 1.78) | 0.79 | 0.91 | (0.46, 1.80) | 0.79 | |
| Bachelor’s or Graduate Degree | 1.00 | -- | -- | 1.00 | -- | -- | 1.00 | -- | -- | |
| Income (Annual) | 297 | |||||||||
| <$25,000 | 1.60 | (0.96, 2.65) | 0.07 | 1.23 | (0.66, 2.29) | 0.51 | 1.15 | (0.59, 2.23) | 0.68 | |
| $25,000–$50,000 | 1.09 | (0.63, 1.87) | 0.76 | 1.06 | (0.58, 1.95) | 0.85 | 0.99 | (0.53, 1.86) | 0.99 | |
| >$50,000 | 1.00 | -- | -- | 1.00 | -- | -- | 1.00 | -- | -- | |
| Psychosocial Stress# | ||||||||||
| Depressive Symptoms | 306 | 1.25 | (0.73, 2.17) | 0.42 | 0.83 | (0.43, 1.62) | 0.59 | 0.79 | (0.39, 1.60) | 0.51 |
| Chronic Stress | 302 | 1.40 | (1.10, 1.77) | 0.01 | 1.25 | (0.95, 1.64) | 0.11 | 1.29 | (0.96, 1.73) | 0.09 |
| Cynical Distrust | 273 | 1.15 | (0.72, 1.84) | 0.57 | 0.87 | (0.51, 1.48) | 0.61 | 0.89 | (0.51, 1.54) | 0.67 |
The outcome for these models is the ranked antibody response for all four infections among seropositive subjects.
Adjusted for gender and age.
Adjusted for income, education, race/ethnicity, psychosocial stress, gender and age.
Adjusted for income, education race/ethnicity, psychosocial stress, number of children in household, BMI (body mass index), waist to hip ratio, diabetes, height, smoking, alcohol use, ongoing health problems, gender and age.
Odds Ratio (OR) represents the probability of having a higher ordinal antibody response and CI=Confidence Interval.
Depressive symptoms were defined as CES-D ≥ 16 versus < 16, chronic stress score was treated as a continuous variable and therefore represents the effect of a one level increase in the chronic stress score, and cynical distrust was defined as a score of ≥ 5 versus <5 based on the study population median value.