Table 2.
Associations of parenting styles and family functioning and offspring SAD status
| Family environment | Offspring SAD status | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No SAD | Symptomatic SAD | Subthreshold SAD | DSM-IV threshold SAD | Symptomatic versus no SAD | Subthreshold versus no SAD | DSM-IV threshold versus no SAD | ||||||||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ORa | 95% CI | P | ORb | 95% CI | P | ORc | 95% CI | P | ||||
| Parenting style (FEE) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Overprotection | 13.25 | 2.74 | 13.41 | 2.86 | 13.75 | 3.16 | 14.64 | 3.28 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 1.08 | 0.583 | 1.08 | 1.01 | 1.16 | 0.021 | 1.19 | 1.09 | 1.30 | 0.000 |
| Emotional warmth | 23.79 | 3.92 | 23.54 | 3.71 | 23.28 | 4.08 | 22.21 | 4.94 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 1.04 | 0.832 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 1.01 | 0.106 | 0.90 | 0.83 | 0.97 | 0.007 |
| Rejection | 9.43 | 1.50 | 9.69 | 1.74 | 9.72 | 1.72 | 10.38 | 2.50 | 1.08 | 0.97 | 1.19 | 0.156 | 1.12 | 1.01 | 1.25 | 0.043 | 1.34 | 1.15 | 1.55 | 0.000 |
| Family functioning (FAD) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| General functioning | 1.60 | 0.41 | 1.65 | 0.44 | 1.67 | 0.43 | 1.68 | 0.47 | 1.24 | 0.84 | 1.83 | 0.289 | 1.30 | 0.86 | 1.96 | 0.206 | 1.51 | 0.81 | 2.80 | 0.190 |
SAD social anxiety disorder, SAD groups are mutually exclusive, FEE questionnaire of recalled parental rearing behaviour, FAD McMaster Family Assessment Device, SD standard deviation, OR odds ratio, adjusted for age and gender, CI confidence interval
P < 0.05, italic values indicate statistical significance