Figure 3.

Median-Joining Network of HVS-I Haplotypes Observed in 152 U5b3 mtDNAs

Eighty-three mtDNAs are from the literature and a subset of these (N = 32) were not included in the population frequency table (Table S2) because population sample sizes were undefined. We constructed the tree by using the Network 4.510 software program (http://www.fluxus-engineering.com). The numbers (plus 16000) on the connecting branches refer to the revised reference sequence⁵¹ and indicate mutations. These are transitions unless the base change is explicitly indicated; the prefix “@” designates reversions. Mutations in italics are most likely erroneous and were disregarded in the calculation of diversity measures. The size of each circle is proportional to the haplotype frequency and geographical origins are indicated by different colors. Fifty-five mtDNAs are from Sardinia; 23 are from Italy [continental Italy (N = 20) and Sicily (N = 3)]; 17 are from Iberia [Spain (N = 11), Portugal (N = 2) and Balearic Islands (N = 4)]; 33 are from Western Europe (excluding Iberia) [Belgium (N = 1), Denmark (N = 1), England (N = 6), France (N = 4), Germany (N = 3), Iceland (N = 3), Ireland (N = 3), Netherlands (N = 2), Norway (N = 1), Scotland (N = 6), Switzerland (N = 2), and Wales (N = 1)]; 19 are from Eastern Europe [Croatia (N = 4), Bosnia (N = 2), Bulgaria (N = 1), Crete (N = 1), Czech Republic (N = 4), Estonia (N = 1), Hungary (N = 2), Montenegro (N = 1), Poland (N = 1), and Slovakia (N = 2)]; and five are “Others” [Armenia (N = 1), Iraq (N = 1), Algeria (N = 1), and Morocco (N = 2)].