Table 5.

Transtheoretical model distribution for regularity of activities to manage pain (talking with doctor, setting goals, practicing relaxation / deep breathing) at the initial test (Test-1), and changes from the initial test at 6 weeks (Test-6w) and 4 months (Test-4m)

	Test-1	Test-6w	Test-4m
Group A Pain Cycle	Precontemplation = 2% Contemplation = 6% Preparation = 34% Action = 11% Maintenance = 46%	36% progressed 39% no change 26% regressed	36% progressed 36% no change 28% regressed
Participation in other self-management activities (0 = Never, 5 = Always)	1.4 ± 1.1	1.6 ± 1.0	1.7 ± 0.9
Group B Walk With Ease	Precontemplation = 0% Contemplation = 22% Preparation = 41% Action = 22% Maintenance =15%	53% progressed 40% no change 7% regressed	44% progressed 31% no change 25% regressed
Participation in other self-management activities (0 = Never, 5 = Always)	1.1 ± 1.0	1.3 ± 0.9	1.2 ± 1.0
Group C Both Programs	Precontemplation = 3% Contemplation = 6% Preparation = 35% Action = 13% Maintenance = 42%	36% progressed 44% no change 20% regressed	36% progressed 41% no change 23% regressed
Participation in other self-management activities (0 = Never, 5 = Always)	0.9 ± 1.1	1.6 ± 1.1 a	1.5 ± 1.1 a

Note: ^aStatistically significant increase from Test-1.