Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of the included studies
| Study design/First author/year | Sample size (n) | Age (years) | Gender Male (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case-control | Case | Control | Case | Control | Case | Control | |||
| Pouw 2000 | 14 | 14 | 71 (9) | 69 (5) | 57 | 57 | |||
| Bourbeau 2003 | 843 | 11030 | 76 (8) | 76 (7) | 66 | 62 | |||
| Garcia-Aymerich 2001 | 86 | 86 | 70 (8) | 69 (9) | 91 | 91 | |||
| Cohort/cross sectional | |||||||||
| Garcia–Aymerich 2003 | 340 | 69 (9) | 92 | ||||||
| Lau 2001 | 551 | 74 (9) | 77 | ||||||
| Soler-Cataluna 2006 | 304 | 71 (9) | 100 | ||||||
| Wilkinson 2004 | 128 | 67 (7) | 69 | ||||||
| Kessler 1999 | 64 | 64 (9) | 84 | ||||||
| Groenwegen 2003 | 171 | 71 (9) | 61 | ||||||
| Garcia-Aymerich 2000 | 353 | 69 (9) | 92 | ||||||
| Miravitlles 2000 | 1001 | 70 (10) | 89 | ||||||
| Cao 2006 | 186 | 75 (25) | 83 | ||||||
| Miravitlles 2006 | 1057 | 67 (9) | 95 | ||||||
| Wang 2005 | 54 | 71 (10) | 61 | ||||||
| Gudmundsson 2005 | 406 | 69 (11) | 49 | ||||||
| Connolly 2006 | 7514 | 71(10) | 52 | ||||||
| RCT | Intervention | usual | Intervention | usual | Intervention | usual | |||
| Gadoury 2005 | 96 | 95 | 69 (7) | 70 (7) | 52 | 59 | |||
Age: Mean (SD)