Table. Typical outcome scales:
Degree | Function |
The Gilbert shoulder score for abduction and external rotation (21) | |
0 | Flaccid shoulder |
1 | Abduction to 45°, no active ER |
2 | Abduction to <90°, no active er |
3 | Abduction to 90°, weak active ER |
4 | Abduction to <120°, weak active er |
5 | Abduction to >120°, complete active ER |
The Raimondi score for hand function (22) | |
0 | Complete paralysis or functionally useless finger flexion |
Non-usable thumb without grasping function | |
Little or no sensation | |
1 | Limited finger flexion |
No finger or wrist extension | |
Key grip possible | |
2 | Active wrist extension and use of the tenodesis effect |
Passive key grip in pronation | |
3 | Complete active finger and wrist flexion |
Active thumb movement, including abduction and opposition | |
Intrinsic equilibrium | |
No active supination | |
(Good opportunity for surgical correction) | |
4 | Complete active finger and wrist flexion |
Active wrist extension, but weak finger extension (or none) | |
Good opposition of the thumb with active ulnar intrinsic muscles | |
Beginning pronation and supination | |
5 | like 4 with active finger extension and nearly complete pronation and supination |
ER = external rotation