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. 2009 Feb 6;106(6):83–90. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2009.0083

Table. Typical outcome scales:

Degree Function
The Gilbert shoulder score for abduction and external rotation (21)
0 Flaccid shoulder
1 Abduction to 45°, no active ER
2 Abduction to <90°, no active er
3 Abduction to 90°, weak active ER
4 Abduction to <120°, weak active er
5 Abduction to >120°, complete active ER
The Raimondi score for hand function (22)
0 Complete paralysis or functionally useless finger flexion
Non-usable thumb without grasping function
Little or no sensation
1 Limited finger flexion
No finger or wrist extension
Key grip possible
2 Active wrist extension and use of the tenodesis effect
Passive key grip in pronation
3 Complete active finger and wrist flexion
Active thumb movement, including abduction and opposition
Intrinsic equilibrium
No active supination
(Good opportunity for surgical correction)
4 Complete active finger and wrist flexion
Active wrist extension, but weak finger extension (or none)
Good opposition of the thumb with active ulnar intrinsic muscles
Beginning pronation and supination
5 like 4 with active finger extension and nearly complete pronation and supination

ER = external rotation