Figure 1.

Asymptotic relative biases in the naive estimates of β_x and θ. The CAR spatial covariance structure with spatial dependence parameter γ = 0.2 and 0.95 was used. The true parameter values were β_x =.5, θ = 1, ${\sigma }_{\epsilon }^2=0.5,{\sigma }_{\mathrm{\sum }}^2=1.2,{\sigma }_e^2=.5$. Variance of measurement error ${\sigma }_u^2$ varied between 0 and 1.0. The two curves in each plot correspond to the spatial dependence parameter γ: ——— γ = 0.2; - - - γ = 0.95.