Fig. 2.

Hypothesis of ODLs causing faulty gene transcript and the failure to activate late effector genes. One particular pathway presented here is the activation of neurotrophin by the Fos/ AP-I complex, products of c-jun and c-fos supergene families. Damaged c-fos gene can be reduced via gene repair or inhibitors/scavengers that reduce ROS [62]. The importance of nerve growth factor in neuronal viability was recently reviewed by Isacson et al. [42]. NTGs = Neurotrophin genes; FGF = fibroblast growth factor. For explanation of the other abbreviations see text.