Table 2.
Nutritional adequacy of diet compared to nutritional adequacy of diet with supplementation in elderly subjects, n=89
| Nutrient | EAR or AI for age group | % reaching EAR or AI with diet alone (n) | % reaching EAR or AI with diet + supp. (n) | % ≥ UL, diet + supp. (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calories16 | ||||
| Males | 2,587 | 20 (7) | 20 (7) | |
| Females | 2,067 | 20 (11) | 20 (11) | |
| Protein g/kg16 | 0.66 | 78 (69) | 78 (69) | |
| Carbohydrate g16 | 100 | 96 (85) | 96 (85) | |
| Fat16 | 35 % total energy | 60 (53) | 60 (53) | |
| Saturated fat16 | 10 % total energy | 49 (44) | 49 (44) | |
| Monounsaturated fat16 | 15 % total energy | 89 (79) | 89 (79) | |
| Polyunsaturated fat16 | 10 % total energy | 89 (79) | 89 (79) | |
| Linoleic acid g16 | ||||
| Males | 14 | 9 (3) | 9 (3) | |
| Females | 11 | 22 (12) | 22 (12) | |
| Linolenic acid g16 | ||||
| Males | 1.6 | 9 (3) | 9 (3) | |
| Females | 1.1 | 24 (13) | 24 (13) | |
| DHA + EPA18 | 0.3–0.5 | 6 (5) | 13 (12) | |
| Sodium g17 | 1.2 | 89 (100) | 89 (100) | |
| Potassium g17 | 4.7 | 6 (5) | 6 (5) | |
| Vitamin A (mcg RE)15 | ||||
| Males | 624 | 89 (31) | 91 (32) | 29 (10) |
| Females | 500 | 93 (50) | 93 (50) | 36 (23) |
| Vitamin C mg13 | ||||
| Males | 75 | 71 (25) | 89 (31) | |
| Females | 60 | 93 (50) | 98 (53) | |
| Vitamin D IU11 | 400 | 4 (4) | 69 (61) | 1 |
| Vitamin E mg13 | 12 | 13 (12) | 74 (66) | 1 (supp. only) |
| Vitamin K mcg15 | ||||
| Males | 120 | 14 (5) | 14 (5) | |
| Females | 90 | 31 (17) | 31 (17) | |
| Thiamin mg12 | ||||
| Males | 1.0 | 83 (29) | 91 (32) | |
| Females | 0.9 | 87 (47) | 96 (52) | |
| Riboflavin mg12 | ||||
| Males | 1.1 | 89 (31) | 94 (33) | |
| Females | 0.9 | 87 (47) | 96 (52) | |
| Niacin mg12 | ||||
| Males | 12 | 89 (31) | 94 (33) | 59 (20) |
| Females | 11 | 80 (43) | 91 (49) | 54 (28) |
| Vitamin B-6 mg12 | ||||
| Males | 1.4 | 63 (22) | 80 (28) | |
| Females | 1.3 | 69 (37) | 87 (47) | |
| Folate mcg DFE12 | 544 | 38 (34) | 74 (66) | 6 (5) |
| Vitamin B-12 mcg12 | 2.0 | 71 (63) | 90 (80) | |
| Pantothenic acid mg12 | 5 | 13 (12) | 66 (59) | |
| Calcium mg11 | 1200 | 19 (17) | 42 (37) | 3 (3) |
| Iron mg15 | 8 | 91 (81) | 92 (82) | 3 (3) |
| Magnesium mg11 | ||||
| Males | 350 | 20 (7) | 46 (16) | 49 (17) |
| Females | 265 | 43 (23) | 72 (39) | 39 (21) |
| Zinc mg15 | ||||
| Males | 9.4 | 40 (14) | 74 (26) | 3 (1) |
| Females | 6.8 | 72 (39) | 93 (50) | 4 (2) |
| Selenium mcg13 | 45 | 64 (57) | 81 (72) |
EAR=estimated average requirements
AI=adequate intake
UL=upper level of safety
RE= Retinyl equivalents
EPA = eicosahexaenoic acid
DHA = docosahexaenoic acid
DFE= dietary folate equivalents