Table 1.
Unstandardized Regression Coefficients and t Ratios (Absolute Values) for Determinants of Adjusted Youth Smoking
| Independent Variable | No Controls | Control for Cigarette Prices | Control for Marijuana Initiation | Basic Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dropout rate | .63 | .15 | .23 | |
| 1.19 | 0.23 | 0.32 | ||
| Adult smoking | .36 | .13 | .24 | |
| 1.48 | 0.51 | 0.82 | ||
| Social strain | −.58 | −1.17 | −.32 | |
| 1.10 | 1.88 | 0.72 | ||
| Unemployment | .03 | .00 | .02 | |
| 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.12 | ||
| Cigarette prices | −.05* | −.06* | −.06* | |
| 2.81 | 2.47 | 2.47 | ||
| Price promotions | −.18 | .11 | −.13 | |
| 1.37 | 0.66 | 0.92 | ||
| Traditional advertising | .17 | −.86 | .24 | |
| 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.44 | ||
| Other promotions | −.60 | −.28 | −.86 | |
| 0.66 | 0.64 | 1.00 | ||
| Ad campaigns | 1.40 | .96 | 1.75 | |
| 1.67 | 1.41 | 1.92 | ||
| Marijuana initiation | .11 | .06 | .06 | |
| 2.12* | 1.63 | 1.63 | ||
| Marijuana use | 9.27 | 7.74 | ||
| 2.57* | 1.67 |
Note: Estimates adjust for first-order serial correlation and use robust standard errors. Youth smoking is adjusted for compositional changes in individual-level determinants.
*
p < .05.