. 2009 Jul;70(4):516–527. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2009.70.516

Table 2.

Main treatment effect by primary drug, type of CBT treatment, and type of comparison condition

Variable	Alcohol	Marijuana	C/S/O	Polydrug	CBT	CBT + psychosoc.	CBT + pharm.	Vs active treatment	Vs passive treatment	Vs no treatment	Vs no adjunct
Fixed effects	0.067^a	0.513^b ^§	0.126^c ^*	0.116	0.165^d ^§	0.329^e ^*	0.208^f ^§	0.129^g ^§	0.116^§	0.848^§	0.089^h
95% CI	−0.002, 0.136	0.375, 0.651	0.011, 0.242	−0.007, 0.239	0.085, 0.245	0.238, 0.421	0.070, 0.346	0.041, 0.217	0.052, 0.180	0.692, 1.010	−0.066, 0.244
Range	−0.670, 1.209	0.225, 0.824,	−0.845, 0.626	−0.442, 0.642	−0.644, 0.626	−0.239, 1.210	−0.451, 0.867	−0.644, 0.626	−0.451, 0.867	0.288, 1.210	−0.845, 0.523
N	23	6	13	11	21	19	13	17	32	6	7
Q (df)	34.20 (22)^*	10.53 (5)	40.39 (12)^§	10.96 (10)	37.80 (20)^*	64.23 (18)^§	18.53 (12)	20.09 (16)	34.10 (31)	18.66 (5)^§	35.21 (6)^§
I²	35.67^*	52.53	70.29	8.72	47.09	71.97	35.25	20.38	31.26	73.21	82.96
Random effects	0.088	0.470^§	0.133	0.113	0.172^*	0.305^§	0.199^*	0.133^*	0.152^§	0.796^§	−0.054
95% CI	−0.018, 0.194	0.259, 0.681	−0.084, 0.350	−0.020, 0.246	0.053, 0.292	0.116, 0.493	0.021, 0.376	0.029, 0.238	0.062, 0.242	0.454, 1.140	−0.455, 0.348

Notes: C/S/O = cocaine/stimulant/opiate; CBT = cognitive-behavioral treatment; psychosoc. = psychosocial; pharm. = pharmacological; CI = confidence interval.

The trimmed estimate with three outlying (Kelly et al., 2000; O'Malley et al., 1992; Sandahl et al., 2004) and two high weight (Anton et al., 2006; Project MATCH, 1997) trials removed was larger, significant, and homogeneous (g = 0.14, p < .05, Q > .05);

the estimate with one high-weight study (MTRP, 2004) removed was 0.38 (p < .005, Q > .05);

the trimmed estimate with two outlying trials (Carroll et al., 1991; Rawson et al., 2006) removed was slightly larger but remained heterogeneous (g = 0.19, p < .05, Q < .05);

the trimmed estimate with one outlying trial (Sandahl et al., 2004) removed was slightly higher (g = 0.18, p < .005, Q < .05) but remained heterogeneous;

the trimmed estimate with two outlying studies (Kelly et al., 2001; MTRP, 2004) removed was lower and homogeneous (g = 0.20, p < .005, Q > .05);

the trimmed estimate with one outlying study (Heinälä et al., 2001) removed was slightly lower (g = 0.19, p < .05, Q > .05); Anton et al. (2006) not included in analyses because it qualifies as both a psychosocial and pharmacological combined intervention;

positive effect comparisons include interpersonal psychotherapy (Carroll et al., 1991, 2004; Donovan and Ito, 1988), twelve-step facilitation (Brown et al., 2002; Maude-Griffin et al., 1998), motivational interviewing (Anton et al., 2005; Stephens et al., 2000), and contingency management (Budney et al., 2006);

the trimmed estimate with one outlying trial (Rawson et al., 2006) removed was larger, significant but remained heterogeneous (g = 0.22, p < .05, Q < .05).

p <.05,

^§

p<.005.