Table 3.

Comparison of the task-dependent adaptations (TDAs) and long-term changes (LTCs) found in the present human study with the phase 1 and phase 2 changes found in monkeys and rats (Wolpaw and O'Keefe, 1984; Wolpaw et al., 1994; Chen et al., 2001)

Conditioningmode		Monkey biceps SSR	Monkey TS H-reflex	Rat soleus H-reflex	Human soleus H-reflex
Up	Phase 1 or TDA	8.7%	24.0%	17.0%	13.0%
	Phase 2 or LTC	1.2%/d	1.4%/d	1.7%/d	1.2%/session
Down	Phase 1 or TDA	−7.7%	−7.0%	−4.8%	−15.0%
	Phase 2 or LTC	−0.8%/d	−0.8%/d	−0.9%/d	−0.7%/session

To determine the LTC values, the average change in the control H-reflex for conditioning sessions 22–24 was divided by 22.5 (the midpoint of the trials of these three sessions). TS, Triceps surae.