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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Oct 7;1773(8):1263–1284. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.10.001

Figure 6. Effects of PTEN Deletion on PI3K/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK Activation in Prostate Cancer.

Figure 6

PTEN deletion results in Akt activation. Akt activation can result in the phosphorylation and inactivation of Raf. This decrease in downstream MEK and ERK activation may lead to the loss of differentiation or senescence. Lack of Raf activation blocks p21Cip1 activation which may result in cell cycle progression. Akt activation can also result in the phosphorylation and inactivation of p21Cip1 and Foxo3a. Fox3a normally leads to the transcription of p27zlip1 and Puma which can act to inhibit cell cycle progression and promote apoptosis. Phosphorylated Foxo3a results in the suppression of p27kip1 and Puma transcription. Dotted lines indicate indirect pathways.