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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 15.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Rev. 2008 Dec 12;60(4):470–512. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000604

FIG. 6.

FIG. 6

Schema outlining the incretin downstream signal transduction pathways in a β cell. GLP-1R activation (and GIPR activation, to some extent, but this has not been as well studied as GLP-1R activation) recruits signaling mechanisms that considerably overlap, leading to promotion of β-cell proliferation and prevention of β-cell apoptosis. Dashed line indicates mechanism that is not fully delineated.