FIG. 6.
Schema outlining the incretin downstream signal transduction pathways in a β cell. GLP-1R activation (and GIPR activation, to some extent, but this has not been as well studied as GLP-1R activation) recruits signaling mechanisms that considerably overlap, leading to promotion of β-cell proliferation and prevention of β-cell apoptosis. Dashed line indicates mechanism that is not fully delineated.