Table 1.
Routine (N = 29) | Multimedia (N = 31) | df | t test/Fisher Exact P Value | |
Healthy Comparison Subjects | ||||
Age (y) | 54.2 (9.3) | 54.7 (7.3) | 53.2 | 0.820 |
Education (y) | 14.3 (2.3) | 14.1 (1.8) | 52.7 | 0.689 |
Gender (% women) | 48 | 55 | 0.796 | |
Ethnic background | 0.903 | |||
% Caucasian | 83 | 74 | ||
% African American | 3 | 6 | ||
% Latino | 7 | 6 | ||
% Other | 7 | 13 | ||
Age of onset of schizophrenia (y) | N/A | N/A | ||
RBANS total score | 94.8 (11.8) | 98.0 (14.3) | 57.2 | 0.326 |
PANSS | ||||
Overall total (N = 29,30) | 35.8 (3.9) | 36.7 (5.7) | 51.8 | 0.478 |
Positive total | 8.4 (1.5) | 8.6 (2.0) | 54.5 | 0.717 |
Negative total | 8.4 (1.5) | 8.6 (2.0) | 54.2 | 0.798 |
General total | 18.9 (2.4) | 19.4 (3.3) | 54.0 | 0.514 |
HAM-D Total | 3.9 (3.6) | 3.7 (3.7) | 57.9 | 0.871 |
Schizophrenia patients | ||||
Age (y) | 51.2 (6.5) | 52.40 (8.0) | 117.8 | 0.370 |
Education (y) | 12.2 (1.9) | 12.4 (2.1) | 122.1 | 0.556 |
Gender (% women) | 36 | 35 | 1.000 | |
Ethnic background | 0.954 | |||
% Caucasian | 61 | 65 | ||
% African American | 18 | 16 | ||
% Latino | 11 | 11 | ||
% Other | 11 | 8 | ||
Age of onset of schizophrenia (y) (N = 60, 58) | 27.0 (9.8) | 27.7 (13.2) | 104.9 | 0.748 |
RBANS total score index (N = 63, 60) | 74.7 (14.7) | 77.4 (13.4) | 120.8 | 0.289 |
PANSS (N = 65, 62) | ||||
Overall total | 60.0 (16.6) | 59.0 (14.5) | 123.9 | 0.723 |
Positive total | 15.7 (6.5) | 16.1 (6.0) | 124.9 | 0.694 |
Negative total | 15.7 (4.8) | 14.6 (4.0) | 122.6 | 0.172 |
General psychopathology total | 28.7 (8.6) | 284 (7.2) | 123.1 | 0.811 |
HAM-D total (N = 65, 61) | 9.6 (6.2) | 10.1 (5.9) | 124.0 | 0.654 |
Note: Values above represent means (and SD), unless otherwise indicated. N/A, not applicable; RBANS, Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale