Table 1.
| ALL 230 Subjects (18-61 yrs) | YOUNGER Cohort (18-35 yrs) | OLDER Cohort (36-61 yrs) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional Abuse (n=41) |
Control (n=189) |
p-value | Emotional Abuse (n=20) |
Control (n=154) |
p-value | Emotional Abuse (n=21) |
Control (n=35) |
p-value | |
| Age (y), mean (SD) | 35.90 (11.60) | 27.78 (9.52) | <.001 | 25.60 (5.46) | 23.94 (4.58) | n.s. | 45.71 (5.77) | 44.69 (6.79) | n.s. |
| Range | 19-54 | 18-61 | 19-35 | 18-35 | 36-54 | 36-61 | |||
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||||
| Male | 14 (34%) | 86 (46%) | n.s. | 8 (40%) | 69 (45%) | n.s. | 6 (29%) | 17 (49%) | n.s. |
| Female | 27 (66%) | 103 (54%) | 12 (60%) | 85 (55%) | 15 (71%) | 18 (51%) | |||
| Highest Level of Education Completed, n (%) | |||||||||
| Partial High School | 0 | 3 (2%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | 0 | 2 (6%) | |||
| High School Graduate | 3 (%) | 14 (8%) | 1 (5%) | 13 (9%) | 2 (10%) | 1 (3%) | |||
| Technical Degree | 0 | 1 (1%) | n.s. | 0 | 1 (1%) | n.s. | 0 | 0 | n.s. |
| Partial College | 14 (34%) | 82 (44%) | 9 (45%) | 76 (50%) | 5 (24%) | 6 (18%) | |||
| College Graduate | 18 (44%) | 56 (30%) | 8 (40%) | 45 (30%) | 10 (48%) | 11 (32%) | |||
| Professional Degree | 6 (15%) | 29 (16%) | 2 (10%) | 15 (10%) | 4 (19%) | 14 (41%) | |||
| Perceived Stress Scale | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 18.37 (6.61) | 17.05 (6.13) | n.s. | 18.65 (6.45) | 16.83 (5.96) | n.s. | 18.10 (6.91) | 18.03 (6.87) | n.s. |
| Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self Report (IDS-SR) | |||||||||
| Total Score, Mean (SD) | 11.68 (7.84) | 8.05 (5.97) | .001 | 8.90 (5.73) | 7.79 (5.49) | n.s. | 14.33 (8.75) | 9.23 (7.74) | <.05 |
| State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | |||||||||
| State Anxiety | 2.83 (8.51) | 29.66 (8.71) | <.05 | 31.35 (8.24) | 29.41 (8.25) | n.s. | 34.24 (8.72) | 30.74 (10.60) | n.s. |
| Trait Anxiety | 35.71 (8.63) | 31.65 (8.82) | <.01 | 36.70 (8.64) | 31.34 (8.28) | <.01 | 34.76 (8.73) | 32.97 (10.93) | n.s. |
| Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) | |||||||||
| Total Score, mean (SD) | 12.17 (2.59) | 6.45 (1.65) | <.001 | 11.49 (2.12) | 6.31 (1.54) | <.001 | 12.85 (2.88) | 7.09 (1.96) | <.001 |
| CTQ Subscales, n (%) meeting threshold for moderate-severe | |||||||||
| Emotional Abuse | 41 (100%) | 0 | n/a | 20 (100%) | 0 | n/a | 21 (100%) | 0 | n/a |
| Physical Abuse | 18 (45%) | 6 (3%) | <.001 | 9 (45%) | 4 (3%) | <.001 | 9 (45%) | 2 (6%) | .001 |
| Sexual Abuse | 13 (32%) | 13 (7%) | <.001 | 3 (15%) | 8 (5%) | n.s. | 10 (48%) | 5 (14%) | <.01 |
| Physical Neglect | 18 (44%) | 12 (6%) | <.001 | 7 (35%) | 10 (6%) | .001 | 11 (52%) | 2 (6%) | <.001 |
| Emotional Neglect | 27 (66%) | 18 (10%) | <.001 | 12 (60%) | 12 (8%) | <.001 | 15 (71%) | 6 (17%) | <.001 |
| History of Past Psychiatric Disorder on SCID | |||||||||
| n (%) meeting criteria for | |||||||||
| Lifetime Diagnosis* | 24 (59%) | 58 (31%) | .001 | 7 (35%) | 42 (27%) | n.s. | 17 (81%) | 16 (46%) | <.01 |
| Oral Contraceptive or Estrogen Replacement | |||||||||
| n (% of women per group) | 5 (19%) | 41 (40%) | <.05 | 3 (25%) | 37 (44%) | n.s. | 2 (13%) | 4 (22%) | n.s. |
*
Lifetime SCID diagnoses included: Major depressive disorder, n=32; dysthymic disorder, n=11; depressive disorder NOS, n=10; adjustment disorder, n=8; posttraumatic stress disorder, n=6; social anxiety disorder, n=3; obsessive-compulsive disorder=1; panic disorder, n=2; anxiety disorder NOS, n=4; alcohol use disorders (abuse or dependence), n=24; substance use disorders (abuse or dependence), n=19. Subject may have met SCID criteria for more than one lifetime disorder. “n.s.” in p-value column denotes test comparing Emotional Abuse and Control Group was not significant at p<.05